MANUAL  OF  GUARD  DUTY 


KEN NO N 


PUBLISHED  BY  AUTHORITY  OF  THE 
WAR  DEPARTMENT 


LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


t,<xJ2Jkn.. 


Accession         8.5.9.'?.//  Class 


6  ?f. 


MANUAL  OF  GUARD  DUTY 


PREPARED   BY 


LIEUTENANT  L.  W.  V.  JfENNON 


SIXTH  INFANTRY,  A.  D.  C. 


PUBLISHED  BY  AUTHORITY  OF  THE   WAR  DEPARTMENT 


CAMBRIDGE 
at  tjje  HttjerstUe 

1890 


Ill 


Copyright,  1890, 
BY  LIEUT.  L.  W.  V.  KENNON,  U.  S.  ARMY. 


The  Riverside  Press,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  U.  S.  A. 
Electrotyped  and  Printed  by  II.  0.  Iloughton  &  Company. 


Copy  of  Indorsements  on  Letter  of  Lieutenant  L.  W.  V.Kennon, 
(5th  Infantry,  to  the  Adjutant-General  United  States  Army,  of 
June  28,1889,  submitting  Remarks  relative  to  his  Manual  of 
Guard  Duty,  submitted  for  the  approval  of  the  War  Department. 

HEADQUARTERS  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 
WASHINGTON,  July  16,  1889. 

Respectfully  submitted  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  inviting-  at- 
tention to  the  history  of  this  manuscript  as  shown  in  the  within 
letter  and  accompanying  indorsements.  I  recommend  that  it  be 
submitted  to  the  officer  who  may  be  assigned  to  the  duty  of  con- 
sidering corrections  in  the  Regulations,  as  recently  pointed  to  in 
a  memorandum  from  the  Adjutant-General's  office  for  the  pur- 
pose of  harmonizing  the  Manual  with  the  Regulations  in  their 
final  form.  This  being  done,  I  recommend  that  the  Manual  be 
published  by  the  War  Department  for  the  government  of  all 
United  States  troops-  in  the  performance  of  guard  duty.  But  I 
am  of  the  opinion  that,  while  this  Manual  should  conform  to 
general  Regulations  of  the  Army,  it  should  not  be  incorporated 
in  them.  The  Regulations  on  this  subject  should  contain  the 
general  principles  which  are  not  liable  to  change,  while  the 
Manual  should  be  a  detailed  elaboration  of  the  methods  by 
which  these  principles  are  to  be  uniformly  carried  into  effect. 
The  details  of  the  Manual  may  thus  be  changed,  when  found 
necessary,  while  the  Regulations  remain  unaltered. 
J.  M.  SCHOFIELD, 

Major-General  Commanding. 

WAR  DEPARTMENT. 

September  30,  1889. 

The  Manual  of  Guard  Duty,  prepared  by  Lieutenant  L.  W.  V. 
Kennon,  6th  Infantry,  is  approved  "for  the  government  of  all 
United  States  troops  in  the  performance  of  guard  duty,"   as 
recommended  by  the  Major-General  Commanding  the  Army. 
REDFIELD  PROCTOR, 

Secretary  of  War. 

Official:  SAML.  BRECK, 

Assistant  Adjutant-General. 
A.  G.  O., 

October  2,  1889. 


85977 


PREFACE. 


THE  "  Duties  of  Guards  and  .Sentinels,"  first  pub- 
lished in  1884,  passed  through  two  editions.  The 
present  Manual  is  a  third  edition  of  the  same  work, 
the  title  being  changed  to  conform  to  its  official  desig- 
nation. 

Some  alterations  have  been  made  in  the  original 
text,  and  considerable  new  matter  has  been  added. 

The  compiler  is  indebted  to  many  officers  for  criti- 
cisms and  suggestions  which  have  materially  increased 
the  value  of  the  work.  While  grateful  to  all  of  these, 
his  thanks  are  especially  due  to  Captain  Charles  King, 
U.  S.  Army,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Robert  H.  Hall,  6th 
Infantry,  and  the  officers  composing  the  "Tactical 
Board."  Most  of  what  is  new  in  the  work  was  adopted 
at  the  suggestion  of  this  Board. 

The  formal  approval  of  the  Manual  by  the  War  De- 
partment, it  is  hoped, will  establish  a  uniform  practice 
in  the  performance  of  guard  duty  throughout  the  Army 
and  the  National  Guard  ;  for  this  object  the  Manual  was 
originally  prepared. 

October  11,  1889. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

ROSTERS 1 

COMMANDING  OFFICER 13 

OFFICER  OF  THE  DAY 15 

OFFICER  OF  THE  GUARD 17 

SERGEANT  OF  THE  GUARD 25 

CORPORAL  OF  THE  GUARD .29 

MUSICIANS  OF  THE  GUARD       .        .        .        .        .        .        39 

ORDERLY  FOR  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER        .        .        .39 

SOLDIER  ON  GUARD 41 

ORDERS  FOR  SENTINELS  ON  POST 43 

GENERAL  ORDERS 

PROPER  . 43 

FOR  SALUTING  .        . 47 

IN  CASE  OF  FIRE  OR  DISORDER  ....        52 

NIGHT 52 

SPECIAL  ORDERS 58 

MISCELLANEOUS 58 

STABLE  GUARDS  (CAVALRY) 60 

NON-COMMISSIONED  OFFICER  OF  .        .        .62 

SENTINEL  OF 64 

STABLE  AND  PARK  GUARD  (ARTILLERY)  .        .        .        .66 


viii  CONTENTS, 

PATROLS ...  67 

COUNTERSIGNS  AND  PAROLES .67 

FLAGS  AND  COLORS 69 

COLOR  LINE  AND  SENTINELS  ......  72 

SPECIAL  ORDERS  FOR  COLOR  SENTINELS  .  .  73 

PRISONERS 73 

SPECIAL  ORDERS  FOR  SENTINELS  OVER  .  .  81 

POLICE  DUTY 83 

ARTICLES  IN  CHARGE  OF  GUARD 84 

REVEILLE  AND  RETREAT  GUN 85 

APPENDIX  1 86 

APPENDIX  II 87 


MANUAL  OF   GUARD  DUTY. 


ROSTERS. 

1.  A  roster  is  a  list  of  officers  or  men  for  duty,  on 
which  record  is  kept  of  services  performed  by  them. 
In  general,  details  for  duty  are  made  on  the  principle 
that  the  one  longest  off  is  the  first  for  detail.     Details 
made  on  this  principle  are  said  to  be  made  by  roster. 

2.  All  details  for  service  in  garrison  and  in  the  field 
shall  be  by  roster ;  but  officers,  or  enlisted  men,  when 
detailed,  must  serve  whether  a  roster  be  kept  or  not ; 
having   performed   the    service,  they  may   appeal    to 
superior  authority  if  they  deem  themselves  aggrieved. 

3.  The  duties    performed    by    roster    are   of    three 
classes :    The  first  class  comprises  1st,  grand  guards 
and   outposts ;    2d,   interior    guards,    including    stable 
guards.     The  second  class  comprises  1st,  detachments 
to  protect  laborers  on  military  works ;  2d,  armed  work- 
ing parties  on  such  works.     The  third  class  comprises 
all  duties  and  fatigues,  without  arms,  in  or  out  of  the 
garrison  or  camp. 

4.  The  rosters  are  distinct  for  each  class.     Officers 
are  named  on  them  in  the  order  of  rank.     The  details 


2  MANUAL   OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

are  taken  in  succession,  according  to  the  roster,  begin- 
ning at  the  head. 

5.  Lieutenants  form  one  roster,  and  1st  and  2d  lieu- 
tenants are  entered  on  it  alternately.     Captains  form 
one  roster,  and  are  exempt  from  ordinary  fatigue  du- 
ties.    A  captain  commanding  a  battalion  temporarily 
is  exempt  from  detail,  and  duty  falling  to  him  passes. 
Lieutenant-colonels  and  majors  are  on  one  roster,  and 
may  be  detailed  for  duties  of  the  1st  and  2d  classes, 
when  the  importance  of  the  duty  requires  it.     In  the 
field  their  roster  is  kept  at  division  and  brigade  head- 
quarters.     In    a   company,  sergeants,    corporals,    and 
privates  form  distinct  rosters. 

6.  Officers,  non-commissioned  officers,  and  privates 
take  duties  of  the  first  class  in  the  order  stated,  viz. : 
the  first  for  detail  takes  the  grand  guards ;  the  next, 
the  interior  guards.     The  same  rule  prevails  in  regard 
to  details  of  the  second  class.     In  those  of  the  third 
class  the  senior  officer  takes  the  largest  party.     The 
party  first  for  detail  takes  the  service  out  of  camp. 

7.  When  the  officer  whose  tour  it  is,  is  not  present 
at  the  hour  of  marching,  the  next  after  him  takes  it. 
When  a  grand  guard  has  passed  the  chain  of  sentinels, 
or  an  interior  guard  has  reached  its  post,  the  officer 
whose  tour  it  was  cannot  then  take  it,  but  succeeds  to 
the  tour  of  the  officer  who  has  taken  his.     When  an 
officer  is  prevented  by  sickness  from  taking  his  tour, 
he  becomes  first  for  detail  on  being  restored  to  duty. 
These  rules  apply  equally  to  non-commissioned  officers 
and  soldiers. 


ROSTERS.  3 

8.  Duties  of  the  first  and  second  classes  are  credited 
on  the  roster  when  the   guards  or  detachments  have 
passed  the  chain  of  sentinels,  or  an  interior  guard  has 
reached  its  post ;  fatigue  duties,  when  the  parties  have 
been  formed  and  have  entered  upon  the  performance 
of  their  duties. 

9.  Every  officer,  non-commissioned  officer,  or  soldier 
on  duty  of  the  first  or  second  class,  or  who  is  next  for 
detail  for  such  duty,  takes,  when  relieved,  the  duty  of 
the  third  class  that  has  fallen  to  him  during  that  time. 

10.  Soldiers  march  completely  armed  and  equipped 
on  all  duties  of  the  first  and  second  classes. 

11 .  In  the  cavalry,  horses  are  packed  for  all  mounted 
service.     Dismounted  men,  and  those  whose  horses  are 
not  fit  for  service,  are  preferred   for  all  dismounted 
details.     Mounted  men   are  never  employed  on  such 
service,  if  the  number  of  dismounted  men  is  sufficient. 

12.  In  the  field,  every  enlisted  man  of  the  cavalry 
detailed  for  dismounted  service  will,  before  he  marches, 
take  to  the  first-sergeant  of  his  troop  his  horse  equip- 
ments and  saddle  ready  packed.     In  case  of  alarm,  the 
first-sergeant  sees  that  these  horses  are  equipped  and 
led  to  the  rendezvous. 

13.  At  every  military  post,  and  in  every  regiment 
or  separate  battalion  in  the  field,  a  post  or  camp  guard 
shall  be  detailed  daily.     It  will  consist,  if  practicable, 
of  two  sergeants,   three  corporals,  one  musician,  and 
such  number  of  privates  as  the  commanding  officer  may 
deem  necessary.     It  will  be  commanded  by  a  lieutenant, 


4  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

if  possible ;  otherwise  by  the  senior  non-commissioned 
officer  on  duty  therewith,  under  the  supervision  of  the 
officer  of  the  day. 

14.  In  commands  wherein  the  several  arms  of  the 
service  are  united,  the  infantry,  artillery,  and  cavalry 
respectively   perform   their  proportional  share  of  the 
garrison  guard  duty ; l  except  that  a  mounted  battery, 
serving  with   other  troops,  will  furnish  its  own  park 
and  stable  guards,  police,  etc.     Both  officers  and  men 
will   be   exempt  from  other  details,  and  the  men  will 
not  be  detailed  for  extra  duty  in  the  staff  departments, 
nor  for  duty  interfering  with  battery  duties,  if  it  can 
be  avoided. 

15.  When  the  number  of  men  at  a  post,  available 
for  guard  duty,  becomes  so  small  that  it  is  necessary  to 
take  men  from  a  light  battery  for  duty  on  the  post 
guard,  the  enlisted  men  of  the  battery  will  be  divided 
into  two  classes  :  1st,  the  sergeants  and  drivers  ;  2d, 
the    corporals    and    cannoneers.       The    first    of    these 
classes  will  be  detailed  for  stable  and  park  guard  only, 
the  second  for  the  post  guard. 

16.  Post  and  camp  guards  will  be  relieved  every 
twenty-four  hours.     The  men  will  be  usually  taken  pro 
rata  from  all  the  companies  of  the  command.     In  the 
field,  however,  the  commanding  officer  may  detail  an 
entire  company  to  form  the  guard. 

1  The  sergeant-major  will  deduct  the  number  of  men  required 
from  each  troop  or  battery  for  stable  guard  from  the  number  of 
men  for  duty  in  such  troop  or  battery,  when  determining  the 
number  of  men  to  be  furnished  by  it  for  the  garrison  guard. 


ROSTERS.  5 

17.  The  following  rosters  relative  to  guard  duty  are 
kept  at  post  or  camp  headquarters,  under  the  general 
supervision  of  the  commanding  officer :  1st,  of  officers 
of  the  day ;  2d,  of  officers  of  the  guard  ;  3d,  of  ser- 
geants of  the  guard  ;  4th,  of  corporals  of  the  guard ; 
5th,  of  musicians  of  the  guard.     The  first  two  are  kept 
by  the  adjutant,  the  remainder  by  the  sergeant-major. 

18.  Captains  serve  on  the  first  roster.     Lieutenants 
may  also  be  placed  on  the  first  roster  with  captains,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  commanding  officer. 

19.  Lieutenants  serve  on  the  second  roster.     If  there 
be  two  officers  of  the  guard  detailed  daily,  two  distinct 
rosters  may  be  kept,  one  for  senior,  the  other  for  junior 
officers  of  the  guard ;    or  they  may  both  be  kept  on 
the  same  roster,  at  the  discretion  of  the  commanding 
officer. 

20.  Officers    serving   in    staff   departments    are    or- 
dinarily exempt  from  the  performance  of  guard  duty. 
In  case  of  necessity,  they  may,  however,  at  the  dis- 
cretion  of  the  commanding  officer,  be  placed  on  the 
rosters  for  such  duty.     Inexperienced  officers  may  be 
put  on  guard  as  supernumeraries,  for  the  purpose  of 
instruction. 

21.  The  details  for  officers  of  the  day  and  officers  of 
the  guard  are  usually  published  at  parade,  the  evening 
before  their  tour  begins.     When  practicable,  they  are 
also   personally  notified  of   their   detail   by  a  written 
order. 

22.  The  rosters  of  privates  for  guard  duty  are  kept 


6  MANUAL    OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

by  first-sergeants  of  companies,  under  the  direction  of 
company  commanders. 

23.  The    number   of   supernumeraries  to  be  taken 
from  each  company  will  be  fixed  by  the  commanding 
officer.     First-sergeants,  in  making  their  details,  will 
take  as   supernumeraries  the  men  next  for  guard  on 
the  company  roster. 

24.  Supernumeraries  will  not  be   allowed   to  leave 
the  camp  or  post,  and  they  will  hold  themselves  con- 
stantly in  readiness  for  detail  as  members  of  the  guard. 
They  will  not,  however,  be  excused  from  ordinary  camp 
or  garrison  duties. 

25.  At  first-sergeant's   call,  all   the  first-sergeants 
repair  to   headquarters,   and    take   from    the    bulletin 
board  all  the  data  necessary  for  them  to  make  the  re- 
quired details  from  their  respective  companies. 

26.  Each  first-sergeant  makes  the  detail  of  privates 
by  roster,  and  publishes  all  the  details  made  from  the 
company,  at  retreat.     He  will  also  post  them  upon  the 
company  bulletin  board. 

27.  The  following  are  the  abbreviations  ordinarily 
used  in  keeping  a  roster  :  — 


A.  .  . 

.  Absent. 

I.  A.     .  In  arrest. 

C.  C. 

D.  S. 

.  Company  cook. 
.  Detached  service. 

C.  ...   In  confinement. 
Ex.  .  .  Excused. 

E.  D. 

S.  D. 
D.  D. 

.  Extra  duty. 
.  Special  duty. 
.   Daily  duty. 

Sk.    .   .  Sick. 
0.  On  duty. 

Numerals  are  used  to  indicate  the  number  of  days 
off  duty. 


ROSTERS.  T 

28.  The  sergeant-major  will  keep  a  record,  by  which 
he  will  each  day  determine  the   number  of   privates 
required  for  guard  duty  from  each  company,  and  will 
post  on  a  bulletin  board  in  his  office  all  data  required 
by  first-sergeants  in  making  details  from  their  respec- 
tive companies. 

29.  There  are  several  methods  in  use  for  determin- 
ing the  number  of  men  required  for  detail  from  each 
company.     The  principle  is  the  same   in  every  case. 
The  total  number  of  men  for  duty  in  the  command  is 
to  the  total  number  of  men  for  duty  in  any  particular 
company  as  the  total  number  of  men  required  for  the 
detail  is  to  the  number  of  men  required  from  the  com- 
pany for    such   detail.     The   different    methods    arise 
from  the  various  ways  of  treating  the  fractions  which 
result  from  the  above  proportion. 

30.  The  following  are  the   rules   ordinarily  used: 
Take  the  number  of  men  for  duty  in  each  company 
from  its  morning  report.     Find  the  total  number  of 
nxen  for  duty  in  the  command  by  adding  together  the 
number  for  duty  in   all  the  companies.     Multiply  the 
number  of  men  required  for  the  entire  guard  by  the 
number  of  men  for  duty  in  any  particular  company. 
Divide  the   product  by  the  total  number  of  men  for 
duty  in  the  entire  command.     The  result  is  the  propor- 
tion of  men  required  for  the  detail  from  the  particular 
company  taken.     Proceed  in  like  manner  to  find  the 
detail  from  every  other  company.     If  the  sum  of  the 
whole  numbers  thus  obtained  be  less  than  the  number 


8  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

of  men  required,  those  companies  having  the  largest 
fractions  furnish  one  man  each  until  the  requisite  num- 
ber is  obtained. 

31.  Record  of  the  fractions  resulting  from  the  above 
operation    is  kept  for  use  in   making  future   details. 
The  fractions  of  those  companies  furnishing  only  the 
number  of   men  indicated  by  the  whole  numbers  are 
entered  on  the  record,  and  given  a  plus  sign.     The 
fraction  of  each  company  furnishing  one  man  in  addi- 
tion to  the  number  indicated  by  its  whole  number  is 
subtracted  from  unity  (1),  and  the  result  entered  on 
the  record,  affected  by  a  minus  sign.     The  fractions 
so  entered  are  termed  the  proportions  of  the  compa- 
nies to  which  they  pertain.1 

32.  To  make  the  next   succeeding   detail   for   the 
same  duty,  the  proportion  is  determined  by  the  rule 
above  given.     If  the  sum  of  the  whole  numbers  so  de- 
termined be  equal  to  the  number  required  for  detail, 
the  fractions  resulting  from  the  operation  of  the  rule 
in  finding  the  previous  detail  are  brought  forward  and 
noted  on  the  record  as  before.     If  not,  the  new  frac- 
tions obtained  are  increased  or  diminished  by  those  of 
the  same  company  resulting  from  the  previous  opera- 
tion ;   those   having  the  minus   sign  being  subtracted 
from,  those  having  the  plus  sign  being  added  to,  the 
new  fractions. 

The  companies  having  the  largest   fractions,   after 
this  operation  is  performed,  furnish  the  additional  men 
required  to  complete  the  detail.     The  resulting  frac- 
1  See   Appendix  I. 


ROSTERS.  9 

tions  are  given  the  proper  sign,  and  are  carried  for- 
ward according  to  the  rule  above  given. 

33.  Example  :  A  command  of  four  companies,  A, 
B,  C,  D,  is  required  to  furnish  a  daily  detail  for  guard 
of  ten  men. 

The  number  of  men  in  the  different  companies  for 
duty  on  the  first  day  is  as  follows :  A,  36  ;  B,  40  ;  C, 
42  ;  D,  48.  On  the  second  day  :  A,  32  ;  B,  36  ;  C, 
40;  D,  42. 

Required,  the  number  of  men  to  be  furnished  from 
each  company  for  the  two  days. 

FIRST     DAY. 

A.  36x10-1-166  =  2^  •••2  +  1Sft 

B.  40xlO-rl66  =  2rfftr  •'•S  +  TWr 

C.  42x10-5-166  =  2^;  1— AV  =  AV-'-  3-rffr 

D.  48xlO-M66-2{-t|;  1— HJ  =  AV-  3-AV 

166  8  10 

It  is  seen  that  the  application  of  the  rule  gives  two 
men  from  each  company  ;  but  this  gives  eight  men 
only  for  the  whole  detail,  whereas  ten  are  required. 
Companies  D  and  C,  having  the  largest  fractions,  fur- 
nish the  additional  men. 

The  fractions  of  companies  A  and  B  are  entered  on 
the  record  with  the  plus  sign  prefixed.  The  fractions 
of  companies  C  and  D  are  subtracted  from  unity,  and 
the  differences  entered  on  the  record  with  the  minus 
sign  prefixed. 

The  details  for  the  first  day  are  two  men  each  from 


10  MANUAL   OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

companies  A  and  B,  and  three  men  each  from  compa- 
nies C  and  D. 

SECOND  DAY. 

A.  32x10-150  = 

B.  36  x  10-150  = 

C.  40  x  10-150  -  2m  ;   fg£-TW  =  A%  •>  2  +  ^ 
D.42  x  10*150  =  2m  ; 


150  8  10 

The  fraction  of  company  A  for  the  previous  day 
was  +  fk8o  .  This  added  to  T25%  gives  ffife. 

In  the  same  way  the  fractions  for  the  other  com- 
panies are  obtained,  remembering  that  the  fraction  to 
which  the  minus  sign  is  prefixed  is  subtracted.  Com- 
paring the  resulting  fractions,  it  is  seen  that  companies 
B  and  D  have  the  largest.  These  companies,  there- 
fore, furnish  three  men  each  ;  companies  A  and  C,  two 
men  each.  The  fractions  to  be  carried  forward  are 
obtained  in  the  same  manner  as  before.  They  are  as 
follows  :  — 

'  A,  +  ^w  ;  B,  —  -ftVs  ;  C,  +  rWk  ;  D,  —  y&V 

34.  In  practice,  this  method,  though  giving  accurate 
results,  is  found  too  cumbersome,  and  strict  accuracy 
is  sacrificed  to  greater  convenience. 

To  simplify  the  operation,  the  denominators  are  not 
carried  forward  unless  the  strength  of  the  command  is 
increased  or  diminished  one  eighth,  in  which  case  a 
new  denominator  is  determined  as  above.  The  nu- 
merators only  are  considered.  They  are  added  to  or 


RO 

subtracted  from  the  product  i 
tiplication. 

The  example  given  above  will  be  taken  to  illustrate 
this  method.     Disregarding  the  denominator  166,  the 
numerators  only  are  carried  forward,  viz. :  — 
+  28,  +68,  —78,  —18. 

For  the  second  day  we  have  :  — 

A.  (32x10  +  28)  +150  = 

B.  (36xl 

C.  (40  x  10— 78) +150  - 

D.  (42x10— 18)  +  150  =  2H$ 
Companies  B  and  D,  having  the  largest  fractions, 

furnish  the  additional  men. 

The  details  are,  then,  companies  A  and  C,  two  men 
each  ;  companies  B  and  D,  three  men  each,  —  the  same 
result  as  before.  The  numbers  to  be  carried  forward 
are  obtained  in  the  same  manner  as  before.  They  are 
in  this  case  :  — 

A,  +  48;  B,  — 22;  C,  +  22;  D,  — 48. 

35.  As  a  check  on  the  accuracy  of  the  work,  it  is 
observed  that  the   algebraic   sum  of  the   fractions  or 
numbers  carried  forward  should  be  equal  to  zero. 

36.  Where  the  change  in  total  strength  is  but  slight, 
the  first  denominator  is  sometimes  the  only  one  con- 
sidered in  determining  the  number  to  be  carried  for- 
ward. 

The  numbers  of  the  companies  furnishing  the  extra 
men  are  subtracted  from  the  first  denominator  to  de- 
termine the  number  to  be  carried  forward,  and  the 
result  affected  with  a  minus  sign. 


12  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

Thus,  in  the  example  taken  for  the  second  clay,  the 
following  results  are  obtained  by  this  method  :  — 

A.  32x^*8  =  2^  +48 

B.  ^-6_xTv%-t-^  =  2f|§  166-128  =  38  .-.-38 
C-  ^Wcf-7-8-^^  +  22 
D.  iJ-x1Lo^i8  =  2|g  166  -102  =  64  .-.-64 


Companies  B  and  D  furnish  the  additional  men  re- 
quired. The  denominator  150  is  now  disregarded. 
The  numerators  128  and  102  are  subtracted  from  166, 
to  determine  the  number  to  carry  forward.  A  new 
denominator  is  found  when  any  material  change  occurs 
in  the  strength  of  the  command,  and  at  stated  intervals, 
as  once  in  every  month. 

This  method  does  not  check  as  all  the  others  do. 

37.  The  method  which  best  combines  convenience 
and  accuracy  is  that  in  which  decimals  are  used  in- 
stead of  common  fractions.  The  decimals  are  carried 
to  hundredths  ;  a  fraction  equal  to,  or  greater  in  value 
than,  .005  is  called  .01  ;  a  fraction  of  less  value  than 
.005  is  disregarded.  By  this  method  the  solution  of 
the  above  problem  is  as  follows  :  — 

FIRST  DAY.  DETAIL.  PROPORTION. 

A.  36xlO-M66=  2.17  =  2  +.17 

B.  40x10-^-166  =  2.41  =  2  +.41 

C.  42x10  -=-166=  2.53  =  3  —.47 

D.  48  x  10  -7-  166  =2.89  =  3  —.11 

166  10 


THE   COMMANDING    OFFICER.  13 

SECOND  DAY.  DETAIL.  PROP. 

A.  32  x  10 +  150  =  2.13  .13  +  .17  =  .30  .-.  2  +  .30 

B.  36xlO-M50  =  2.40  .40 +  .41  =  .81  .-.3  —.19 

C.  40x10  +  150  =  2.67  .67  —.47  =  .20.-.  2  +.20 

D.  42  x  10 -r  150  =  2.80  .80  —.11  =  .69 .-.  3  —.31 

150  10 

THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER. 

38.  The   commanding  officer  is  responsible  for  the 
discipline   and    military   instruction   of    his    command. 
He  will  exact  a  faithful,  correct,  and  vigilant  perform- 
ance of  guard  duty  in  all  its  details.     He  will  prescribe 
the  positions  of  the  color  line  and  guard  tents,  and  will 
fix  the  number  and  establish  the  posts  of  the  sentinels 
who  form   the  guard  of  his  post  or  camp.     He  will 
cause  sentinels  to  be  so   distributed  as  to  require  the 
least  possible  number  of  men  for  guard  duty  consistent 
with  the    objects  for  which  the  guard  is    maintained. 
No  sentinel  will  be  posted  at  such  a  distance  from  the 
guard-house   that  he  cannot  be   heard  by  the  guard, 
either  directly  or  through  other  sentinels. 

39.  When  necessary,  small  posts  may  be  established 
exterior  to    the  chain  of   sentinels.     These   posts    are 
under  the  orders  of  the  commander  of  the  camp  guard, 
and  are  visited  by  his  patrols. 

40.  In   camp  and  garrison,  the  commanding  officer 
fixes  the  hours  for  reports,  issues,  and  roll-calls,  and 
for  the  performance  of  stated  duties  and  fatigues.     In 


14  MANUAL   OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

garrison,  retreat  will  be  at  sunset.1  The  signals  will 
be  sounded  by  the  field  musicians  in  accordance  with 
the  authorized  drill  regulations. 

41.  The  commanding  officer  will  cause  a  list  of  calls 
to  be  prepared,  and  a  copy  of  the  same  to  be  furnished 
the  commander  of  the  guard.     He  will  also  designate 
the  hour  for  challenging  to  begin  ;  otherwise,  challen- 
ging will  begin  at  retreat. 

42.  He  may  require  sentinels  to  call  the  hours  or 
half-hours,    between   the    hour    at   which    challenging 
begins   and  reveille. 

43.  He  will  prescribe  the  "special  orders  "  for  all 
posts  upon  which  sentinels  are  placed. 

44.  When    practicable,  all   orders   relating   to   the 
guard  or  its  duties  will  be  communicated  to  the  com- 
mander of  the  guard  through  the  officer  of  the  day. 

45.  The  commanding  officer  will  be  at  his  office,  or 
at  some  point  previously  designated,  immediately  after 
guard-mounting,  to  receive  the  report  of  the  old  officer 
of  the  day,  and  give  his  orders  to  the  new  officer  of  the 
day. 

The  officers  of  the  day  having  presented  themselves, 
the  commanding  officer  will  acknowledge  their  salutes, 
examine  the  report  of  the  commander  of  the  guard, 
and  the  remarks  made  thereon  by  the  officer  of  the  day. 
If  necessary,  he  will  further  question  that  officer  rela- 
tive to  his  tour  of  duty.  He  will  then  relieve  the  old 

1  An  exception  may  be  made  to  this  rule  when  a  post  is 
situated  in  very  high  latitude. 


THE  OFFICER  OF  THE  DAY.  15 

officer  of  the  day,  and  give  the  new  officer  of  the  day 
such  instructions  as  may  be  necessary. 


THE  OFFICER  OF  THE  DAY. 

46.  Both  the  old  and  new  officers  of  the  day  will  be 
present  at  guard-mounting.     After  the  old  officer  of  the 
day  has  given  the  old  or  standing  orders  to  the  new 
officer  of  the  day,  they  will  both  proceed  to  the  guard- 
house, on  approaching  which  each  officer  of  the  day 
will  place  himself  about  twelve  yards  in  front  of  the 
centre  of,  and  facing,  his  own  guard,  and  will  return  the 
salute  of  its  commander.     While  the  old  guard  is  being 
relieved,  they  will  inspect  the  guard-house  or  tents,  and 
verify  the  number  of  prisoners. 

47.  If  there  be   no  officer   of   the  guard,  the   new 
officer  of  the  day  will  receipt  to  the  old  officer  of  the 
day  for  the  articles  in  charge  of  the  guard.     The  old 
officer  of  the  day  will  countersign  the   report  of  the 
commander  of  the  guard. 

48.  All    persons    under    guard,    without    written 
charges,1  will  be  released  by  the  old  officer  of  the  day 
at  guard-mounting,  unless  specific  orders  to  the  con- 
trary have  been  given  in  each  case  by  the  commanding 
officer.     He  will  at  the  same  time  release  all  prisoners 
whose  sentences  expire  on  that  day. 

49.  The  officers  of  the  day  will  then  report  to  the 
commanding  officer,  to  whom  the  officer  relieved  pre- 

J  See  paragraph  323. 


16  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

sents  the  report  of  the  commander  of  the  guard,  with 
such  remarks  entered  thereon  as  circumstances  require. 
At  the  same  time  the  new  officer  of  the  day  receives  his 
instructions. 

50.  On  presenting  themselves,  both  salute  with  the 
right  hand,  remaining  covered.     The  old  officer  of  the 
day,  standing  on  the  right  of  the  new,  then  says,  "  Sir, 
I  report  as  old  officer  of  the  day,"  and  presents  the  re- 
port of  the  commander  of  the  guard.     As  soon  as  the 
commanding  officer  notifies  the  old  officer  of  the  day 
that  he  is  relieved,  the  new  officer  of  the  day  says, 
"  Sir,  I  report  as  new  officer  of  the  day." 

51.  The  officer  of  the  day  is  responsible  for  the  en- 
forcement of  all  police  regulations,  and  is  charged  with 
the  execution  of  the  orders  of  the  commanding  officer 
relating  to  the  safety,  order,  and  police  of  the  post  or 
camp.     Fatigue  parties  will  be  furnished  him  when  the 
number  of   prisoners  is    insufficient  for  the  necessary 
police  purposes. 

52.  The  officer  of  the  day  is  subject  to  the  orders  of 
the  commanding  officer  only.     His  actual  tour  of  duty 
begins  when  the  old  sentinels  are  relieved  by  the  new  ; 
while  the  sentinels  are  being  relieved,  the  new  officer  of 
the  day  is  responsible  for  the  proper  performance  of 
duty  by  the  new  sentinels  just  posted,  and  the  old  officer 
of  the  day  for  the  old  sentinels  not  yet  relieved. 

53.  He  is  responsible  for  the  proper  performance  of 
guard  duty  during  his  tour,  and  will  inspect  the  guard 
and  sentinels  during  the  day  and  night,  at  such  times 


THE   OFFICER  OF  THE   GUARD.  17 

as  he  may  deem  necessary.  He  will  visit  them  at  night 
at  least  once  after  twelve  o'clock.  When  he  deems  it 
necessary  or  expedient,  he  will  prescribe  patrols  and 
visits  of  inspection  to  be  made  by  officers  or  non-com- 
missioned officers  of  the  guard. 

54.  He  will  see  that  the  commander  of  the  guard  is 
furnished  with  the  parole  and  countersign  before  re- 
treat, and  will  inform  him  of  the  presence,  in  the  post 
or  camp,  of  any  stranger  who  is  entitled  to  compliment. 

55.  In  case  of  an  alarm  of  any  kind,  the  officer  of 
the  day  will  at  once  take  such  steps  as  may  be  necessary 
to  insure  the  safety  of  public  property  and  preserve 
order  in  the  command,  disposing  his  guard  so  as  best 
to  accomplish  this  result. 

THE   OFFICER  OF  THE  GUARD. 

56.  The  officer  of  the  guard,  while  marching  his 
guard  to  or  from  the  guard-house,  will  salute  general 
officers,  the  commanding  officer,  and  the  officer  of  the 
day,  first  bringing  his  guard  to  a  carry.     In  the  same 
way,  he  will  also  salute  any  person  entitled  to  compli- 
ment from  the  guard.1 

57.  Immediately  after  bringing  his  guard  to  an  order 
at  the  guard-house,  the  commander  of  the  new  guard 
divides  the  guard  into  three  reliefs,  first,  second,  and 
third,  from  right  to  left,  and  directs  a  list  of  the  guard 
to  be  made.     The  sentinels  and  detachments  of  the  old 

1  See  paragraph  202. 


18  MANUAL   OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

guard  are  at  once  relieved  by  members  of  the  new 
guard.  While  this  is  doing,  the  two  guards  stand  in 
place  rest,  and  the  old  commander  gives  to  the  new  all 
necessary  information  and  instructions  relating  to  the 
guard  and  its  duties.  The  new  commander  then  pro- 
ceeds to  take  possession  of  the  guard-house  and  the 
articles  in  charge  of  the  guard.  He  dismisses  his  guard 
when  the  old  guard  has  marched  about  fifty  yards  from 
its  post.  If  there  be  no  arm-racks,  he  will  first  cause 
arms  to  be  stacked. 

58.  If  there  be  two  officers  of  the  guard,  the  senior 
is  the  commander  of  the  guard.    The  junior  will,  under 
the  direction  of  the  senior,  assist  the  latter  in  the  per- 
formance of  his  duties. 

59.  If  ordered  to  prepare  his  guard  for  inspection 
by  any  person  from  whom  he  properly  receives  orders, 
he  will  open  ranks,  and  bring  his  guard  to  inspection 
arms.      In  making  the  inspections   of   the  guard  re- 
quired of  him,  he  will  first  cause  it  to  open  ranks. 

60.  The  commander  of  a  guard  receives  and  obeys 
the  orders  of  the  officer  of  the  day  and  the  command- 
ing officer  only,  and  will  transmit  to  his  successor  all 
instructions  and  information  relating  to  his  post. 

61.  All  material  instructions  received  by  the  com- 
mander of  a  guard,  through  any  source  other  than  the 
officer  of  the  day,  will  be  at  once  reported  to  the  latter. 

62.  The  commander  of  the  guard  is  responsible  for 
the  instruction  and  discipline  of  the  guard.     He  will 
see  that  all  its  members  are  thoroughly  instructed  in 


THE  OFFICER  OF  THE   GUARD.  19 

their  orders  and  duties,  and  that  they  properly  perform 
them. 

63.  The  commander  of  the  new  guard  becomes  re- 
sponsible for  the  prisoners  after  their  number  has  been 
verified  and  they  are  turned  over  to  the  custody  of  his 
guard.     He  is  responsible  for  the  general  safety  of  the 
camp  as  soon   as  the  old  guard  inarches  off  from  the 
guard  tents.     In  case  of  any  emergency  occurring  while 
both  guards  are  at  the  guard-house,  the  senior  officer 
of  the  two  guards  will  be  responsible. 

64.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  enter  in  the 
post  guard  report  book  a  report  of  his  tour  of  service, 
which  he  will  present  to  the  officer  of  the  day  on  the 
completion  of  his  tour.     He  will  transmit,  with  his  re- 
port, all  passes  turned  in  to  the  sergeant  of  the  guard. 

65.  After  the  sentinels  and  outposts  of  the  old  guard 
have  been  relieved,  the  commander  of  the  new  guard 
will  visit  and  question   his  non-commissioned   officers 
and  sentinels  relative  to  the  instructions  they  may  have 
received  from  the  old  guard. 

66.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  visit  all  the 
sentinels  of  each  relief,  and  will  see  that  each  sentinel 
is  properly  instructed  in  his  duties   and  understands 
them.     He  will  order  patrols  and  visits  of  inspection  to 
be  made  when  he  thinks  necessary. 

67.  Officers  will  remain  constantly  with  their  guards 
except  while  visiting  their  sentinels,  or  necessarily  en- 
gaged elsewhere  in  the  performance  of  their  duty. 

68.  Commanders  of  guards,  upon  leaving  their  posts 


20  MANUAL   OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

to  visit  sentinels,  or  to  perform  other  duty,  will  mention 
their  intention,  destination,  and  the  probable  time  of 
absence  to  the  next  in  command. 

69.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  inspect  his 
guard   at  reveille   and  retreat.     While  the  retreat  is 
sounding,  the  guard,  if  not  under  inspection,  will  stand 
at  parade  rest. 

70.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  see  that  the 
countersign  is  duly  communicated  to  the  sentinels  at 
the  proper  time  before  twilight,  or  at  the  hour  desig- 
nated by  the  commanding  officer.      The   countersign 
will  not  be  given  to  the  sentinel  at  the  guard-house. 

71.  He  will  see  that  the  proper  calls  are  sounded  at 
the  hours  appointed  by  the  commanding  officer. 

72.  Should  a  member  of  the  guard  be  taken  sick,  or 
be  arrested,  or  desert,  or  leave  his  guard,  the    com- 
mander of  the  guard  will  at  once  notify  the  adjutant. 

73.  He  will  see  that  sentinels  are  relieved  every  two 
hours,  unless  the  state  of  the  weather,  or  other  causes, 
shall  make  longer  or  shorter  intervals  necessary. 

74.  Each  relief,  before  being  posted  and  after  being 
relieved,  will  be  inspected  by  the  commander  of  the 
guard,  who  will  assure  himself  that  every  sentinel  is 
properly  armed  and  equipped,  and  is  in  proper  condi- 
tion to  perform  his  duties  as  a  sentinel.     This  inspec- 
tion will  ordinarily  be   made  with  the  relief  at  port 
arms,  and  with  closed  ranks.1     The  relief  first  posted 
after  guard-mounting  is  not  inspected. 

1  See,  also,  paragraph  122. 


THE   OFFICER  OF  THE   GUARD.  21 

75.  When  formed  for  any  cause  whatever,  the  guard 
will  invariably  be  under  arms. 

76.  When  any  alarm  is  raised  in  a  camp  or  garrison, 
the  guard  will  be  immediately  formed.     If  the  case  be 
serious,  the  proper  call  will  be  sounded,  and  the  com- 
mander of  the  guard  will  cause  the  commanding  officer 
and  the  officer  of  the  day  to  be  at  once  notified. 

77.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  detain  at  the 
guard -house  all   suspicious   characters,   or  parties  at- 
tempting to  pass   a  sentinel's  post  without  authority, 
reporting  his  action  to  the  officer  of  the  day,  to  whom 
arrested  persons  will  be  sent,  if  necessary. 

78.  If  a  sentinel  call  for   "  the  guard"   the  com- 
mander of  the  guard  will  at  once  send  a  patrol  to  such 
sentinel's  post.     If  the  danger  be  great  (in  which  case 
the  sentinel's  piece   will  have    been  discharged),   the 
patrol  will  be  as  strong  as  possible.     When  practica- 
ble, there  should   always  be  at  least  two  privates  of 
the  guard  at  the  guard-house,  in  addition  to  the  sen- 
tinels there  on  duty. 

79.  During  the  day,  the  guard  of  a  camp  or  garrison 
turns  out  and  presents  arms  to  a  general  officer,  the 
commander  of  the  post  or  camp,  and  the  officer  of  the 
day. 

80.  Guards  will  turn  out  and  present  arms  to  offi- 
cers entitled  to  the  compliment  as  often  as  they  pass. 
The  personal  guards  of  general  officers  will  turn  out 
to  the  general  whose  guards  they  are,  and  to  his  su- 
periors in  rank. 


22  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

81.  All   guards   will   turn    out    under    arms   when 
armed  parties  approach  their  posts  ;    to  parties   com- 
manded  by   commissioned    officers   they  will   present 
arms,  officers  saluting. 

82.  The   national    or   regimental    colors   passing   a 
guard   will   be  saluted,    the   trumpets   or   field   music 
sounding  a  inarch. 

83.  All  guards  and  sentinels  will  pay  the  same  com- 
pliments to  civil  officers  of  the  Government,  to  officers 
in  the  military  or  civil  service  of  foreign  powers,  to 
officers  of  the  Navy  and  Marine  Corps,  and  to  officers 
of  volunteers  and  militia  when  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  that  are  directed  to  be  paid  to  officers 
of  the  Army  of  corresponding  rank. 

84.  When  any  person  entitled  to  compliment  passes 
a  guard  between  reveille  and  retreat,  the  commander 
of  the  guard  will  see  that  it  is  promptly  formed,  if 
it  be  necessary  to  form  it ;    the   guard  having  been 
formed,  he  will  receive  the  report  of  the  sergeant  of  the 
guard,  returning  the  salute  of  the  latter  with  the  right 
hand. 

He  will  then  draw  his  sword,  and,  without  dressing 
the  guard,  will  place  himself  two  yards  in  front  of  its 
centre.  When  the  person  for  whom  the  guard  has 
been  turned  out  approaches,  the  officer  of  the  guard 
faces  his  guard,  commands, 

1.  Present,  2.  ARMS, 

resumes  his  front  and  salutes,  reporting,  if  it  be  the 
commanding  officer  or  the  officer  of  the  day,  — 


THE   OFFICER  OF  THE   GUARD.  23 

"  Sir,  the  guard  is  present ;  "  or,  "  Sir,  the  guard 
and  prisoners  are  present ;  "  or,  "  Sir,  the  guard  is 
present  and  the  prisoners  are  secure  ;  "  or,  "  Sir,  (So 
and  So)  is  absent ;  "  except  that  at  guard-mounting, 
the  officers  of  the  guard  simply  salute,  without  making 
any  report  to  the  officers  of  the  day. 

When  his  salute  is  acknowledged,  he  will  resume  the 
carry,  face  about,  command, 

1.  Carry,  2.  ARMS, 
and  resume  his  proper  front. 

85.  To  others  entitled  to  have  the  guard  turned  out, 
no  report  will  be  made ;  nor  will  a  report  be  made  to 
either  the  commanding  officer  or  the  officer  of  the  day 
unless  he  halts  in  front  of  the  guard. 

86.  If  the  person  entitled  to    compliment  pass    in 
rear  of  the  guard,  it  does  not  salute,  but  stands  at  a 
carry;   if  he  pass  in  front  or  on  either  side  of   the 
guard,  it  being  already  formed,  the  commander  of  the 
guard  brings  the  guard  to  a  present  and  salutes,  with- 
out reporting,  as  he  passes. 

87.  After  any  person  entitled  to  the  compliment  has 
been  saluted  by  the  guard  or  guards,  official  recogni- 
tion of  his  presence  thereafter,  while  he  remains  in  the 
same  vicinity,  will  be  taken  by  bringing  the  guard  or 
guards  to  attention. 

88.  In  rendering  honors,  a  non-commissioned  officer 
in  command  of  the  guard  will  present  and  carry  arms 
with  it,  standing  on  the  right  of  the  front  rank. 

If  a  report  be  also  required,  he  will,  after  bringing 


24  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

his  guard  to  a  carry,  execute  the  rifle  salute,  and  re- 
port as  prescribed  for  the  officer  of  the  guard. 

89.  If  a  guard  be  commanded  by  a  commissioned 
officer,  no  compliments  will  be  paid  to  any  officer  not 
entitled  to  inspect  it.     A  guard  being  in  line,  and  not 
under  inspection,  a  non-commissioned  officer  in  com- 
mand will  salute  all  officers  not  entitled  to  inspect  the 
guard  with  the  rifle  salute,  the  guard  standing  at  a 
carry. 

90.  During  the  presence  of  both  the  old  and  new 
guards  at  the  guard-house,  each  guard  will,  indepen- 
dently of  the  other,  salute  its  own  officer  of  the  day.    If 
any  other  officer  entitled  to  a  salute  passes  guards  in 
the  act  of  relieving,  both  will  salute  at  the  word  of 
command  from  the  senior  officer  (or  commander)  of 
the  guard.     Each  commander  of  the  guard  will  bring 
his  own  guard  to  a  carry ;  the  senior  will  then  com- 
mand : 

1.   Old  and  new  guards,  2.  Present,  3.  ARMS. 
The  junior  will  salute  at  the  command  of  the  senior. 

91.  Guards  do  not  turn  out  as  a  matter  of  compli- 
ment after  sunset,  nor  will  any  compliments  be  paid 
by  them  between  retreat  and  reveille. 

92.  A  guard  may  be   turned    out   between  retreat 
and  reveille  by  direction  of  any  person  entitled  to  in- 
spect it.     The  guard  being  formed,  its  commander  will 
say,    "  Advance   (So  and  So),"    adding,    "  with   the 
parole"  if  he  deem  it  necessary.     The  person  being 
duly  recognized  as  an  officer  entitled   to  inspect  the 


THE  SERGEANT  OF  THE   GUARD.          25 

guard,  its  commander  will  present  it  as  above  de- 
scribed, except  that  he  salutes  and  reports  without 
bringing-  the  guard  to  a  present. 

93.  On  the  march,   the  guard,  with  the   prisoners, 
will  march  in  rear  of  the  regiment. 

94.  When   the   new  camp  guard  marches  with  the 
camping  party,  it  forms,  on  reaching  the  camp,  in  front 
of  the  centre  of  the  ground  marked  for  the  regiment. 
The   officer  of  the  guard  furnishes   the   sentinels    re- 
quired by  the  commander  of  the  camping  party.     Sen- 
tinels will  be  placed  over  the  stores  of  provisions  and 
forage  in  the  vicinity,  and  over  the  water,  if  necessary 
to  prevent  its  waste  or  fouling. 

THE  SERGEANT  OF  THE  GUARD. 

95.  Immediately  after  guard-mounting,  the  sergeant 
of  the  guard  will  prepare  duplicate  lists  of  the  names, 
reliefs,  and  posts  of  all  the  non-commissioned  officers, 
musicians,  and  privates  of  the  guard. 

One  list  will  be  handed  as  soon  as  possible  to  the 
commander  of  the  guard ;  the  other  will  be  retained 
by  the  sergeant. 

96.  The  sergeant  of  the  guard  has  supervision  over 
the  other  non-commissioned  officers   and   the  privates 
of  the  guard,  and  will  familiarize  himself  with  all  the 
orders  and  duties  of  corporals  of  the  guard  and  of  sen- 
tinels.    He  will  see  that  reliefs  are  turned  out  at  the 
proper  time,  and  that  the  corporals  thoroughly  under- 


26  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

stand,  and  are  zealous  and  prompt  in  the  discharge  of, 
their  duties. 

97.  All  suspicious  or  disorderly  persons  arrested  by 
the   guard  will  be   sent  by  the   sergeant  to  the   com- 
mander of  the  guard. 

98.  The  sergeant  will  designate  a  non-commissioned 
officer  of  the  guard  to  take  the  place  of  the  corporal 
whose  relief  is  on  post,  should  the  latter  be  called  away 
from  the  guard-house. 

99.  He  will  cause  the  guard-house  and  premises  to 
be  thoroughly  policed,  at  such  hours  as  may  be  desig- 
nated by  the  commanding  officer,  by  prisoners,  if  there 
be  any ;  by  members  of  the  guard,  if  there  be  no  pris- 
oners.1 

100.  He  will  report  to  the  commander  of  the  guard 
any  suspicious  or  unusual  occurrence  that  comes  under 
his  notice,  and  will  warn  him  of  the  approach  of  any 
armed  body. 

101.  He  is  directly  responsible  for  the  articles  in 
charge  of  the  guard,  and  will  see  that  they  are  properly 
cared  for.     He  will  make  lists  of  articles  taken  out  by 
working  parties,  and  see  that  all  such  articles  are  duly 
returned.     If  any  are  not,  he  will  immediately  report 
the  fact  to  the  officer  of  the  guard. 

1  After  breakfast,  which  shall  immediately  follow  reveille 
roll-call,  and  after  stable  duty  in  the  cavalry,  the  tents  or  quar- 
ters, and  the  space  around  them,  will  be  policed  by  the  men  of 
the  companies,  and  the  guard-house  or  guard-tent  by  the  guard 
or  prisoners. — A.  R.  420. 


THE  SERGEANT  {0®  THE£tH&[%l%  1      27 


102.  At  first-sergeant's  ca^gj^^w^  to  the 
adjutant's  office  and  obtain  the  guard  report  book. 

103.  Upon  the  return  of  soldiers  having  passes,  the 
latter  will  be  given  to  the  sergeant  of  the  guard,  who 
will  indorse  upon  them  the  time  at  which  each  of  the 
parties  included  in  a  pass  individually  returns.      At 
guard-mounting  he  will  turn  over  all  passes  so  received 
to  the  commander  of  the  guard. 

104.  If  sentinels  are  numerous,  the  sergeants  as  well 
as  the  corporals  will  be  employed  to  relieve  and  post 
them.     Sergeants  assigned  to  reliefs  perform  the  duties 
prescribed  for  corporals  of  the  guard.     They  will  not 
be  so  assigned  unless  the  number  of  corporals  detailed 
for  guard  be  less  than  the  number  of  reliefs. 

105.  Whenever  the  guard  is  turned  out,  it  is  the 
duty  of  the  sergeant  of  the  guard  to  form  it  promptly. 
To  form  the  guard,  the  sergeant,  three  yards  in  front 
of  and  facing  its  center,  commands  : 

1.  FALL  IN. 

The  guard  falls  in,  facing  to  the  right,  with  bayonets 
fixed,  in  single  or  double  rank,  according  to  the  habitual 
formation  of  the  command  of  which  it  is  a  part,  and 
with  arms  at  a  carry  ;  the  men  will  cover  accurately  in 
file,  so  as  to  render  subsequent  dressing  unnecessary  ; 
the  field  music  will  so  form  that,  after  facing,  its  left 
will  be  two  yards  to  the  right  of  the  front  rank. 

The  sergeant  then  commands  : 
1.  Left,  2.  FACE,  3.  Eight  shoulder,  4.  ARMS. 


28  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

He  then  calls  the  roll,1  each  man  answering  "  Here," 
and  coming  to  order  arms  as  his  name  is  called. 
The  sergeant  then  commands, 

1.  Carry,  2.  ARMS, 

faces  the  commander  of  the  guard,  executes  the  rifle 
salute,  and  reports  :  — 

"  Sir,  the  guard  is  present ;  "  or,  "  Sir,  the  guard  and 
prisoners  are  present ; "  or,  "  Sir,  the  guard  is  present, 
and  the  prisoners  are  secure  ;"  or,  "  Sir,  (So  and  So) 
is  absent.'1  Only  men  absent  without  permission  are 
reported  absent. 

The  sergeant  will  then  take  his  place,  without  com- 
mand, on  the  right  of  the  front  rank  of  the  guard. 

In  forming  the  guard  prior  to  marching  off,  he  will 
command, 

1.  Count,  2.  FOURS, 
before  reporting  to  the  commander  of  the  guard. 

106.  When  the  guard  is  turned  out  as  a  matter  of 
compliment,  calling  the  roll  will  be  dispensed  with. 
The  same  rule  will  apply  whenever  the  guard  is  formed 
in  a  sudden  emergency,  or  on  the  approach  of  an  armed 
party.  In  such  cases  the  roll  will  be  called  before  dis- 
missing the  guard. 

1  In  calling  the  roll  at  night,  it  is  customary  for  the  sergeant 
to  call  off  in  succession  the  number  of  sentinels'  posts  on  each 
relief  separately,  eacti  man  answering  as  the  number  of  his  post 
and  relief  is  called.  Thus,  the  sergeant  will  call,  the  first  relief 
being  on  post,  "Second  relief,  Corporal  (So  and  So),  No.  1; 
No.  2,"  etc. 


THE   CORPORAL   OF  THE   GUARD.          29 

107.  When  directed  by  the  officer  of  the  guard  to 
dismiss  the  guard,  the  sergeant  will  step  two  paces  to 
the  front  and  then  face  to  the  left  before  giving  his 
commands.     He  will  cause  the  men  to  place  their  arms 
securely  in  the  arm-racks,  if  these  be  provided. 

108.  Should  there  be  no  sergeant  on  guard,  the  sen- 
ior corporal  performs  the  duties  above  prescribed  for 
the  sergeant  of  the  guard. 

THE  CORPORAL  OF  THE  GUARD. 

109.  Corporals  of  the  guard  are  assigned  to  reliefs 
by  the  commander  of  the  guard. 

110.  It  is  the  duty  of  a  corporal  of  the  guard  to  post 
and  relieve  sentinels,  and  to  instruct  the  members  of 
his  relief  in  their  orders  and  duties. 

111.  Immediately   after  the   division   of  the    guard 
into  reliefs,  the  corporals  will  assign  the  members  of 
their  respective  reliefs  to  posts  by  number,  and  a  sol- 
dier so  assigned  to  a  post  shall  not  be  changed  to  an- 
other during  the  same  tour  of  guard  duty,  unless  by 
direction  of  the  commander  of  the  guard,  or  the  officer 
of  the    day.      Experienced   soldiers   are   placed   over 
the  arms  of  the  guard  and  at  remote  and  responsible 
posts. 

112.  Each  corporal  will   then   make   a  list  of  the 
members  of  his  relief,  including  himself.     This  list  will 
contain  the  number  of  the  relief,  the  name,  company, 
and  regiment  of  every  member  thereof,  and  the  post  to 


30  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

which  each  is  assigned.  It  will  be  made  in  duplicate, 
one  copy  to  be  given  to  the  sergeant  or  senior  non-com- 
missioned officer  of  the  guard,  as  soon  as  completed, 
the  other  to  be  retained  by  the  corporal. 

113.  As  soon  as  the  officers  of  the  day  have  visited 
their  respective  guards,  or  as  soon  as  directed  by  the 
officer  of  the  guard,  the  corporal  of  the  first  relief  posts 
his  relief. 

114.  The  relief  is  brought  to  a  carry.     The  corporal 
then  commands  : 

CALL  OFF. 

Commencing  on  the  right,  the  men  call  off  alternately, 
front  and  rear  rank,  one,  two,  three,  four,  and  so  on; 
if  in  single  rank,  they  call  off  from  right  to  left.  The 
corporal  then  commands  : 

1.  Right,  2,  FACE,  3.  Right  shoulder,  4.  ARMS, 
5.  Forward,  6.  MARCH. 

In  wet  weather  the  relief  may  be  marched  at  secure 
arms. 

The  corporal  marches  on  the  left,  and  near  the  rear 
file,  in  order  to  observe  the  march.  The  corporal  of 
the  old  guard  marches  on  the  right  of  the  leading  file, 
and  takes  command  when  the  last  one  of  the  old  sen- 
tinels is  relieved,  changing  places  with  the  corporal  of 
the  new  guard. 

115.  When  the  relief  arrives  at  fifteen  yards  from 
a  sentinel,  he  halts  and  faces  toward  it  with  arms  at 
a  carry.     At  six  yards  from  him,  the  corporal  com- 
mands : 


THE  CORPORAL   OF  THE   GUARD.          31 

1.  Relief,  2.  HALT. 

The  corporal  then  adds,  according  to  the  number  of 
the  post : 

1.  NO.  (— ),  2.  Port,  3.  ARMS. 
Or,  if  the  guard  be  armed  with  saber  or  pistol  only  : 
1.  No.  (— ),  2.  POST. 

In  the  first  case,  at  the  third  command,  the  two  sen- 
tinels come  to  port  arms  and  approach  each  other.  In 
the  second  case,  they  approach  each  other  at  the  com- 
mand "post,"  and  if  armed  with  the  saber  assume  the 
position  of  guard,  except  that  the  left  hand  is  at  the 
side,  and  the  feet  together. 

11.6.  The  old  sentinel,  under  the  supervision  of  both 
corporals,  whispers  his  instructions  to  the  one  taking 
post. 

The  corporals  advance  and  place  themselves,  facing 
each  other,  a  little  in  advance  of  the  new  sentinel,  the 
old  corporal  on  his  right,  the  new  corporal  on  his  left, 
both  remaining  at  a  carry.1 

117.  The   instructions  relative  to   the   post   having 

1  The  following  diagram  will  illustrate  the  positions  taken :  — 
R  A 

Bin 

III  o|  I- 


R  is  the  relief;  A,  the  new  corporal ;  B,  the  old  ;  C,  the  new 
sentinel ;   D,  the  old. 


32  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

been  communicated,  the  new  corporal  steps  back  two 
paces,  and  commands  : 

1.  Right  shoulder  (or,  Secure),  2.  ARMS,  3.  For- 
ward, 4.  MARCH. 

The  corporals  take  their  respective  places  as  the  re- 
lief passes  them.  The  old  sentinel  takes  his  place  in 
rear  of  the  relief  as  it  passes  him,  at  a  right  shoulder, 
or  secure  arms. 

118.  The  other  sentinels  are  relieved  and  the  new 
ones  posted  in  similar  manner. 

The  sentinels  at  the  guard -house  are  the  first  re- 
lieved and  are  left  behind. 

119.  The  corporals,  while  posting  their  reliefs,  will 
march  at  a  carry. 

120.  If   sentinels    are    numerous,    reliefs    may   be 
posted  in  detachments. 

121.  The    detachments    and  sentinels    of    the    old 
guard,  as  they  come  in,  are  formed  on  its  left. 

122.  To  post  a  relief  at  any  other  time  than    at 
guard -mounting,   its   corporal  forms    it    by   the  com- 
mands : 

1.  (Such)  relief,  2.  FALL  IN. 

The  relief  is  formed  in  double  or  single  rank  (ac- 
cording as  the  guard  is  formed),  facing  to  the  right 
with  arms  at  a  carry  and  with  bayonets  fixed  ;  the 
men  will  take  place  according  to  the  numbers  of  their 
respective  posts,  viz.,  one,  three,  five,  and  so  on,  in 
the  front  rank  ;  two,  four,  six,  and  so  on,  in  the  rear 
rank  ;  or  in  the  order  of  their  respective  posts  from 


THE   CORPORAL   OF  THE   GUARD.          33 

right  to  left,  according  as  the  relief  is  in  double  or  sin- 
gle rank.     The  corporal,  standing  about  two  yards  in 
front  of  the  center  of  his  relief,  then  commands,  — 
1.  Lefty  2.  FACE,  3.  CALL  OFF. 

The  men  call  off  as  prescribed  above.  The  corporal 
then  places  himself  on  the  right  of  the  front  rank,  and, 
executing  the  rifle  salute,  reports  to  the  officer  of  the 
guard : 

"  Sir,  the  relief  is  present.'9 

The  relief  having  been  inspected,  the  officer  of  the 
guard  directs  the  corporal,  "  Post  your  relief"  The 
corporal  salutes,  and  posts  his  relief  as  above  prescribed. 
The  corporal  will  execute,  with  his  relief,  the  com- 
mand of  the  officer  of  the  guard  for  inspection. 

123.  If  the  necessity  exists,  the  corporal,  immedi- 
ately after   his    relief    has  been   inspected,  will  com- 
mand, — 

\.  Relief,  2.  LOAD,  3.  Carry,  4.  ARMS, 
and  will  post  it  as  above.1 

124.  In  posting  reliefs,  but  one  corporal  goes  with 
the  relief,  except  the  one  of  the  new  guard  first  posted 
after  guard-mounting.     In  this  case,  the  corporal  will 
post  his  relief  as  above  prescribed  ;  returning,  the  cor- 
poral of  the  old  guard  will  form  the  relief  on  the  left 
of  the   old  guard,   and,   saluting,   report   to  the  com- 
mander of  his  guard, 

"  Sir,  the  relief  is  present," 

1  Pieces  will  not  be  loaded  without  previous  instructions  from 
the  commander  of  the  guard. 


34  MANUAL   OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

and  will  then  take  his  proper  place  in  the  guard.  The 
corporal  of  the  new  guard  falls  out  as  the  relief  halts. 

125.  To  dismiss  the  old  relief,  excepting  in  the  fore- 
going case,  it  is  halted  and  faced  to  the  front  at  the 
guard-house  by  the  corporal  of  the  new  relief  tempora- 
rily in  command,  who  then  falls  out.      The  corporal  of 
the  old  relief  then  places  himself  on  the  right  of  its 
front  rank,  and,  saluting  the  commander  of  the  guard, 
reports  : 

"  Sir,  the  relief  is  present.1' 

After  inspection,  the  commander  of  the  guard  com- 
mands, "Dismiss  the  relief"  The  corporal,  after  sa- 
luting, commands,  — 

1.  Port,  2.  ARMS,  3.  Break  ranks,  4.  MARCH. 

126.  Should  the  pieces  have  been  loaded  before  the 
relief  was  posted,  the  corporal,  after  facing  the  relief  to 
the  front,  and  before  presenting  it  for  inspection  to  the 
officer  of  the  guard,  will  command,  — 

1.  Draw,  2.  CARTRIDGE,  3.  Carry,  4.  ARMS. 

127.  Each  corporal  will  thoroughly  acquaint  himself 
with  all  the  special  orders  of  every  sentinel  on  his  re- 
lief, and  see  that  each  sentinel  correctly  transmits  such 
orders  in  detail  to  his  successor. 

128.  He  will  see  that  each  sentinel,  on  being  posted, 
clearly  understands  the  limits  and  extent  of  his  post. 

129.  Should  any  sentinel  call  for  the  corporal  of  the 
guard,  the  corporal  will,  in  every  case,  at  once  proceed 
to  such  sentinel. 

130.  Any  violation  of   regulations,  or  any  unusual 


THE   CORPORAL   OF  THE   GUARD.  35 

occurrence  reported  to  him  by  a  sentinel,  or  coming  to 
his  notice  in  any  other  way,  will  at  once  be  reported  by 
the  corporal  to  the  commander  of  the  guard. 

131.  Should  any  sentinel  call  for  a  "  relief,"  the  cor- 
poral will  at  once  proceed  to  the  post  of  such  sentinel, 
taking  with  him  the  man  next  for  duty  on  that  post. 
If  relieved  for  a  short  time  only,  the  corporal  will  see 
that  the  sentinel  relieved  is  again  posted  as  soon  as  the 
necessity  for  his  relief  ceases. 

132.  A  corporal  of  the  guard  receives  and  obeys 
orders   from  non-commissioned   officers   of  the   guard 
senior  to  himself,  the  officers  of  the  guard,  the  officer 
of  the  day,  and  commanding  officer  only. 

133.  Out  of  ranks  and  under  arms,  the  corporal  sa- 
lutes with  the  rifle  salute.     If  marching  his  relief,  if 
it  be  not  already  there,  he  will  bring  it  to  a  carry  be- 
fore saluting.     He  will  salute  all  officers  whenever  they 
pass,  whether  by  day  or  night. 

134.  The  corporal  will. carry  his  rifle  with  the  bay- 
onet fixed. 

135.  Immediately  before  the  hour  for  challenging  to 
begin,  the  corporal  whose  relief  is  on  post  will  com- 
municate  the    countersign   to   all  the   sentinels  of  his 
relief,  excepting  those  at  the  guard-house. 

136.  When  challenged  by  a  sentinel  while   posting 
his  relief,  the  corporal  will  answer,  "  Relief."     At  the 
sentinel's  order  to  halt,  the  corporal  commands,  — 

1.  Relief,  2.  HALT, 
and  at  the  order  of  the  sentinel  he  advances  alone  to 


36  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

deliver  the  countersign,  or  to  be  recognized.  When  the 
sentinel  says,  "  Advance,  relief"  the  corporal  com- 
mands, — 

1.  Forward,  2.  MARCH. 

If  to  be  relieved,  the  sentinel  is  then  relieved  as  pre- 
scribed above.1 

137.  During  the  hours  for  challenging,  the  corporal 
of  the  guard  will  challenge  all  suspicious-looking  per- 
sons or  parties  he  may  observe,  first  halting  his  patrol 
or  relief,  if  either  be  with  him,  and  will  advance  them 
in  the  same  manner  that  sentinels  on  posts  advance  like 
parties.     But  if  the  route  of  a  patrol  is  on  a  continuous 
chain  of  sentinels,  he  will  not  challenge  persons  coming 
near  him,  unless  he  have  reason  to  believe  that  senti- 
nels are  neglecting  their  duties. 

138.  The  corporal  of  the  guard  will  arrest  all  sus- 
picious-looking characters  prowling  about  the  post  or 
camp,  all  persons  of  a  disorderly  character  disturbing 
the  peace,  and  all  persons  taken  in  the  act  of  commit- 
ting some  crime  against  the  government  on  a  military 
reservation  or  post.     All  persons  arrested  by  corporals 
of  the  guand,  or  by  sentinels,  will  be  at  once  conducted 
to  the  sergeant  of  the  guard  by  the  corporal. 

139.  The  corporal  will  examine  parties  halted  and 
detained  by  sentinels,  and,  if  he  have  reason  to  believe 
the  parties  have  no  authority  to  cross  sentinels'  posts, 
will  conduct  them  to  the  sergeant  of  the  guard. 

140.  Corporals  will  ascertain  the  tents  or  bunks  of 

1  Paragraphs  115-17. 


THE   CORPORAL    OF   THE    GUARD.  37 

all  the  members  of  their  reliefs,  in  order  to  turn  them 
out,  in  case  of  necessity,  in  the  least  time  and  with  the 
least  confusion. 

141.  Should  the  guard  be  turned  out,  each  corporal 
will  wake  his  own  relief,  and  cause  its  members  to  fall 
in  promptly. 

142.  There  should  be  at  least  one  non-commissioned 
officer  constantly  on    the    alert   at   the    guard -house, 
usually  the  corporal  whose  relief  is  on  post.     This  non- 
commissioned officer  takes  post  near  the  entrance  of  the 
guard-house,  and  does  not  fall  in  with  the  guard  when 
it  is  formed.     He  will  answer  call  from  sentinels  for 
the  corporal  of  the  guard.     If  called   away,  he  will 
notify  the   sergeant  of  the   guard   before   leaving  the 
guard-house.     If  a  sentinel  call  for  the  guard,  he  will 
promptly  notify  the  officer  of  the  guard.      He  will  see 
that  no  person  enters  the  guard-house,  or  crosses  the 
post  of  the  sentinel  of  the  guard,  without  proper  author- 
ity.    He  will,  at  the  proper  time,  notify  this  sentinel  of 
the  hour,  if  sentinels  are  required  to  call  the  hours  or 
half-hours  of  the  night.     He  will  wake  the  corporal 
whose  relief  is  next  on  post,  in  time  for  the  latter  to 
form  his  relief  and  post  it  at  the  proper  hour. 

143.  As  a  general  rule,  he  will  advance  parties  ap- 
proaching the  guard  at  night,  in  the  same  manner  that 
sentinels   on  post   advance    like  parties.     Thus :    The 
sentinel  at  the  guard  challenges,  and  reports  the  answer 
to  his  challenge  to  the  corporal.     The  latter  advances 
at  port  arms  and  says :  "Advance  (So  and  So),  with 


38  MANUAL    OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

the  countersign"  or,  "  to  be  recognized,"  if  no  counter- 
sign be  used.  The  countersign  being  correctly  given, 
or  the  party  being  duly  recognized,  the  corporal  says : 

u  The  countersign  is  right.  Advance  (So  and  So)," 
or,  if  no  countersign  be  used,  "  Ail  right.  Advance 
(So  and  So)"  repeating  the  answer  to  the  sentinel's 
challenge. 

The  following  are  the  exceptions  to  this  rule :  — 

1st.  In  case  the  party  challenged  be  entitled  to  in- 
spect the  guard.1 

Upon  receiving  the  countersign,  or  duly  recognizing 
such  party  in  the  manner  above  prescribed,  he  will  say, 
"  The  countersign  is  right"  and  will  then  call : 

"  Turn  out  the  guard" 

announcing  the  title  of  the  officer  challenged,  without 
advancing  him. 

Thus,  if  the  answer  to  the  challenge  of  the  sentinel 
be  u  Officer  of  the  day"  the  corporal  advances  toward 
the  party  challenged  and  says  : 

"Advance,  officer  of  the  day,  with  the  countersign" 
or,  "  to  be  recognized" 

The  officer  of  the  day,  having  given  the  countersign, 
or  been  recognized,  the  corporal  says : 

"  The  countersign  is  right ;"  or,  "  All  right,"  and 
then  calls : 

"  Turn  out  the  guard.     Officer  of  the  day" 

2d.  In  case  of  the  approach  of  an  armed  party, 
other  than  a  returning  relief  or  detachment  of  the 
guard  itself,  the  corporal  will  call : 

1  See  paragraphs  53  and  238. 


,      MUSICIANS   OF  THE   GUARD.  39 

"  Turn  out  the  guard.     Armed  party ." 

144.  When  officers  of  different  rank  approach  the 
guard-house  from  different  directions  at  the  same  time, 
the  senior  will  be  advanced  first,  and  will  not  be  made 
to  wait  for  his  junior. 

MUSICIANS   OF  THE   GUARD. 

145.  Musicians  of   the  guard    are  members  of   the 
guard,  and  are  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  command- 
ing officer,  the  officer  of  the  day,  officers  and  non-com- 
missioned officers  of  the  guard  only. 

146.  They  will  remain   at  the   guard-house   during 
their  tour,  and  will  fall  in  with  the   guard  when  it  is 
formed.     They  form  on  a  line  with  the  front  rank, 
their  left  two  yards  from  its  right. 

147.  They  will  sound  all  calls  prescribed  by  the  com- 
manding officer,  and  such  other  calls  as  may  be  ordered 
by  proper  authority,  at  such  times  and  places  as  may 
be  directed. 

148.  Should  the  guard  be  turned  out  for  national  or 
regimental  colors,  they  will  sound  a  march  when  the 
guard  presents  arms. 

149.  Musicians  of  the  guard  sleep  at  the  guard-house. 

ORDERLY  FOR  THE   COMMANDING 
OFFICER. 

150.  When  so  directed,  the  adjutant  will  select  an 
orderly   for  the    commanding   officer   from    the    new 
guard,  an  extra  man  being  detailed  for  guard  for  this 
purpose. 


40  MANUAL   OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

151.  The  selection  will  usually  be  made  during  the 
inspection   at  guard -mounting.     The    soldier  will  be 
chosen  who  is  most  correct  in  the  performance  of  duty 
and  in  military  bearing,  neatest  in  person  and  clothing, 
and  whose  arms  and  accouterments  are  in  the  best  con- 
dition.    Clothing,  arms,  and  equipments  must  conform 
strictly  to  the  regulations  prescribing  the  uniform.     If 
there  be  doubt  as  to  the  relative  merits  of  two  or  more 
soldiers,  the  adjutant  may  proceed  to  the  guard-house 
and  cause  them  to  form  in  line  a  few  paces  to  the  right 
of  the  guard,  after  it  has  been  brought  to  an  order. 
They  fall   in,  in   single   rank,  facing  to  the  right,  with 
arms  at  a  carry.     The  adjutant  will   cause  them  to 
execute  the  manual  of  arms,  to  march,  etc.,  both  with 
and  without    the    numbers,  the  most   proficient  being 
selected  as  orderly.     If  doubt  still  exist,  he  will  sub- 
ject them  to  a  more  minute  inspection,  or  he  may  cause 
them  to  draw  lots.     The  adjutant  will  notify  the  com- 
mander of  the  guard  of  his  selection. 

152.  After  the  guard  has  been  brought  to  an  order, 
at  the  guard-house,  the  commander  of  the  guard  will 
direct  the  soldier  selected  as  orderly  to  report  to  the 
commanding  officer.     The   soldier  will  then  give   his 
name,  company,  and  regiment  to  the  sergeant  of  the 
guard,  and,  leaving  his  rifle  in  the  arm-rack  in  his  com- 
pany quarters,  will  proceed  at  once  to  the  commanding 
officer,  reporting : 

"  Sir,   Private  ,    Company  ,   reports   as 

orderly" 


THE  SOLDIER   ON  GUARD.  41 

If  the  orderly  selected  be  a  cavalryman,  he  will  leave 
his  carbine  in  the  arm-rack  in  his  company  quarters, 
and  report  equipped  with  saber-belt  and  saber. 

153.  The  orderly,  during  his  tour,  is  subject  to  the 
orders  of  the  commanding  officer  only. 

154.  When  ordered  to  carry  a  message,  he  will  be 
careful  to  deliver  it  exactly  as  it  was  given  to  him. 

155.  The   orderly  may  be  excused  from  such  duty 
between  retreat  and  reveille,  and  may  be  permitted  to 
sleep  in  his  company  quarters,  or  in  such  other  place  as 
the  commanding  officer  may  direct. 

156.  At  reveille,  or  at  such  hour  as  directed,  he  will 
again  report  to  the  commanding  officer.     He  will  re- 
main on  duty  until   relieved  by  the    orderly  selected 
from  the  guard  relieving  his  own. 

157.  The  orderly  is  a  member  of  the  guard.     His 
name,  company,  and  regiment  are  entered  after  those 
of  the  corporals  in  the  place' provided  on  the  guard  re- 
port. 

158.  If  the  necessities  of  the  service  require  the  de- 
tail of  other  orderlies,  they  are  detailed  and  selected 
as  above  prescribed  for  the  orderly  for  the  command- 
ing officer.     They  are  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  com- 
manding  officer,   and  the  officer  for  whom   detailed, 
only. 

THE  SOLDIER  ON  GUARD. 

159*  Soldiers  will  not  remove  their  clothing  or  accou- 
terments  while  on  guard. 


42  MANUAL    OF   GUARD   DUTY. 

160.  They  will  not  leave  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
the    guard-house,  without    permission    from    the   com- 
mander of  the  guard. 

161.  No  soldier  will  drink  any  spirituous  or  intoxi- 
cating liquor  while  on  guard.1 

162.  During  his  tour  of  guard  duty  a  soldier  is  sub- 
ject to  the  orders  of  the  commanding  officer,  the  officer 
of   the  day,  officers  and  non-commissioned  officers  of 
the  guard  only. 

163.  When  not  on  post,  nor  engaged  in  the  perform- 
ance of  a  special  duty,  a  soldier  of  the  guard  will  salute 
all  officers  who  pass  him  ;  if  armed,  with  the  rifle  sa- 
lute ;  if  unarmed,  with  the  hand.     This  rule  applies  at 
all  hours  of  day  or  night. 

164.  Immediately  upon  breaking  ranks,  after  guard- 
mounting,  each  soldier,  not  at  once  required  for  duty, 
will  place  his  rifle  in  the  arm-racks,  if  they  be  pro- 
vided,  and  will    not    remove    it  therefrom   unless    he 
require  it  in  the  performance  of  some  armed  duty. 

165.  Privates  are   assigned  to   reliefs   by  the  com- 
mander of  the  guard,  and  to  post  usually  by  the  cor- 
poral of  their  relief.     They  will  not  change  from  one 
relief  or  post  to  another,  during  the  same  tour  of  duty, 
without  proper  authority. 

166.  No  soldier  shall  hire  another  to  do  his  duty  for 
him. 

1  ARTICLE  OF  WAR  38.  —  Any  officer  who  is  found  drunk  on 
his  guard,  party,  or  other  duty  shall  be  dismissed  from  the  ser- 
vice. Any  soldier  who  so  offends  shall  suffer  such  punishment 
as  a  court-martial  may  direct. 


GENERAL  ORDERS  PROPER.       43 

167.  Should  the  guard  be  formed,  soldiers  will  fall 
in,  under  arms,  and  at  a  carry.     They  will  be  careful 
to  cover  accurately  in  file. 

At  roll-call,  each  man,  as  his  name  or  number  and 
relief  is  called,  comes  to  order  arms. 

168.  While  on  guard,  bayonets  will   be  constantly 
fixed. 

ORDERS   FOR  SENTINELS  ON   POST. 

169.  Orders  for  sentinels  on  post  are  divided  into 
two  classes,  general  orders  and  special  orders.    General 
orders  are  divided  into  general  orders  proper,  orders 
for  saluting,  orders  in  case  of  fire  or  disorder,  and 
night  orders.1 

GENERAL  ORDERS  PROPER. 

170.  A  sentinel  on  post  — 

Will  take  charge  of  all  government  property  in 
view  ; 

Will  walk  his  post  in  a  military  manner,  keeping 
constantly  on  the  alert,2  observing  everything  that 
takes  place  within  sight  or  hearing  ; 

1  The  orders  printed  in  italics  at  the  head  of  each  of  the 
divisions  of  general  orders  should  be  memorized  by  the  sentinel. 
When  called  upon  to  repeat  his  general  orders  under  any  of  tho 
divisions  above  specified,  he  will  repeat  those  printed  in  italics 
only.     His  knowledge  of  the  other  provisions  will  be  developed 
by  questions. 

2  ARTICLE  OF  WAR  39.  —  Any  sentinel  who  is  found  sleeping 


44  MANUAL   OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

Will  report  every  breach  of  orders  or  regulations 
which  he  is  instructed  to  enforce  ; 

Will  repeat  all  calls  made  from  posts  more  distant 
from  the  guard-house  than  his  own; 

Will  not  quit  his  post  until  properly  relieved  ;  * 

Will  receive,  transmit,  and  obey  all  orders  from, 
and  allow  himself  to  be  relieved  by  his  command- 
ing  officer,  the  officer  of  the  day,  an  officer  or  non- 
commissioned officer  of  the  guard  only. 

171.  Sentinels  on  post  are  not  required  to  halt,  or 
change   the  position  of  their  rifle,  on  arriving  at  the 
end  of  their  posts,  or  to  execute  the  "  To  the  rear, 
march,"  precisely  as  described  in  the  drill  regulations, 
but  may  face  about,  ivhile  marching,  in  the  way  most 
convenient  to  them,  and  either  to  the  right  about  or 
left  about,  and  at  any  part  of  the  post,  as  may  be  best 
suited  to  the  proper  performance  of  their  duties.     They 
will  carry  their  arms  at  a  support,  or  on  either  shoulder, 
but  will  never  quit  them.     In  wet  weather,  if  there  be 
no  sentry-boxes,  they  may  secure  arms. 

172.  Sentinels  will  not  engage  in  conversation  not 
necessary  to  the  discharge  of  their  duties. 

173.  Should  sentry-boxes  be  provided,  the  sentinels 
in  them  stand  at  order  arms,  or  parade  rest.     Sentry- 
boxes  will  be  used  in  wet  weather  only. 

upon  his  post,  or  who  leaves  it  before  he  is  regularly  relieved, 
shall  suffer  death,  or  such  other  punishment  as  a  court-martial 
may  direct. 

1  See  note  2,  page  43. 


GENERAL  ORDERS  PROPER.      45 

174.  In  very  hot  weather,  sentinels  may  be  allowed 
to  stand  at  order  arms  or  parade  rest  on  their  posts, 
provided  they  can  in  this  position  effectively  discharge 
their  duties.     Sentinels  will,   however,   before   taking 
advantage  of  this  privilege,  obtain  the  express  authority 
of  the  commander  of  the  guard,  or  the  officer  of  the 
day. 

175.  The  sentinels  of  a  camp  guard  will  arrest  sus- 
picious persons  prowling  about  the  camp  at  any  time. 
At  night  they  arrest  any  one  who  attempts  to  enter, 
even  the  soldiers  of  other  corps. 

176.  Every  unusual  or  suspicious  event  noticed  by 
a  sentinel  on  post  should  be  at  once  reported  by  him  to 
the  corporal  of  the  guard. 

177.  When  calling  for  any  purpose,  or  in  commu- 
nicating with  any  person,  a  sentinel  will  take  the  posi- 
tion of  port  arms. 

178.  Mounted  sentinels,  in  challenging,  and  holding 
communications,  will  take  the  position  of  advance  car- 
bine, raise  pistol,  or  guard,  accordingly  as  they  arc 
armed  with  the  carbine,  pistol,  or  saber.     They  will  not 
dismount  while  on  duty  as  sentinels. 

179.  A  dismounted  sentinel,  armed  with  a  saber,  in 
holding  communications  assumes  the  position  of  guard, 
except  that  the  left  hand  is  at  the  side  and  the  feet  are 
together. 

180.  If   a   relief   become   necessary,  by   reason  of 
sickness  or  other  cause,  the  sentinel  will  call,  "  Relief, 
corporal  of  the  guard,  No.  ( — ),"  giving  the  number 
of  his  post. 


46  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

181.  To  call  the  corporal  of  the  guard  for  any  other 
purpose  than  for  a  relief,  the  sentinel  will  call,  "  Cor- 
poral of  the  guard,  No.  ( — )." 

182.  Whenever  relieved,  a  sentinel  will  repeat  to  his 
successor  all  special  orders   pertaining  to  his  post,  in 
detail. 

183.  When  a  relief  is  fifteen  yards  from  him,  he  will 
halt  in  his  own  person  and  face  toward  it  with  arms  at 
a  carry.     If  to  be  relieved  himself,  he  will  come  to 
port   arms   at   the    command  of   the  corporal  ;    or  if 
armed  with  the  saber,  at  the  command  u  Post"  he  will 
take  the  position  of  guard,  except  that  the  left  hand  is 
at  the  side  and  the  feet  together ;  he  will  then  advance 
toward  the    new  sentinel,   and   transmit   to    him    the 
special  orders  of  his  post.     Both  sentinels  then  resume 
the   carry,    face   outward,  and   step   back   one   pace, 
aligning  themselves  on  the  old  corporal  if  he  be  pres- 
ent.    The  old  sentinel  comes  to  a  right  shoulder,  or 
secure  arms,  at  the  command  of  the  corporal,  and  takes 
his  place  in  rear  of  the  relief  as  it  passes  him.     When 
the  relief  is  fifteen  yards  past  him,  the  new  sentinel 
begins  to  walk  his  post. 

184.  The  sentinels  at  the  post  of  the  guard  have 
orders  not  to  permit  enlisted  men  to  pass  without  re- 
porting ;  to  warn  the  commander  gf  the  approach  of 
any  armed  body ;  and  to  arrest  all  suspicious  or  dis- 
orderly persons. 


ORDERS  FOR  SALUTING.  47 

ORDERS  FOR  SALUTING. 

185.  Between  reveille  and  retreat,  salute  with  a  pre- 
sent all  officers,  national  arid  regimental  colors,  that 
pass  within  saluting  distance. 

Between  retreat  and  reveille,  except  when  challeng- 
ing, face  outward,  and  stand  at  attention,  at  a  carry, 
when  an  officer  passes.1 

186.  Between  reveille  and  retreat  is  the  interval  be- 
tween the  firing  of  the  morning  and  evening  gun  ;  or,  if 
no  gun  be  fired,  it  is  the  interval  between  the  sounding 
of  the  first  note  of  the  reveille,  or  the  first  march,  if 
inarches  be  played,  and  the  last  note  of  the  retreat. 

187.  Saluting   distance   is    the  limit  within  which 
individuals  and  the  insignia  of  rank  can   be  readily 
recognized  ;  this  is  assumed  to  be  about  thirty  yards. 
Officers  will  be   saluted,  whether  they  be  in  uniform 
or  not. 

188.  All  officers  of  the  navy  and  marines,  officers  of 
volunteers  and  militia  in  the  service   of  the   United 
States,  and  officers  of  foreign  services  visiting  at  a  post, 
are  entitled  to  a  salute. 

189.  The  following  named  persons  are  also  entitled 
to  a  salute :  The  President,  Vice-President,  Members 
of  the  Cabinet,  Chief  Justice,  and  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  United  States ;  Governors  in 
their  respective  States  or  Territories  ;  American  or  for- 
eign  envoys   and  ministers  ;    the   Sovereign  or  Chief 

1  See  note,  paragraph  169. 


48  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

Magistrate,  and  the  Heir- Apparent  and  Consort  of  the 
reigning  sovereign  of  a  foreign  state. 

190.  The  remains  of  a  deceased  officer  or   soldier 
will  be  saluted.     If  there  be  a  funeral  escort,  arms  will 
be  presented  as  the  escort  approaches,  and  the  present 
maintained   until  the  remains  have  passed.     The  sen- 
tinel will  then  stand  at  attention,  at  a  carry,  until  the 
procession  has  passed. 

191.  Sentinels   will   salute    an    armed    party    com- 
manded  by  a  commissioned  officer.     The  present   is 
given   as   the   officer  in   command   approaches,  and  is 
maintained  until  he  has  passed.      The   sentinel  then 
stands  at  attention,  at  a  carry,  until  the  whole  party 
has  passed. 

192.  An  armed  party  under  the  command  of  a  non- 
commissioned officer  is  not  saluted.     The  sentinel  will, 
however,  stand  at  attention,  facing  outward,  with  arms 
at  a  carry,  while  such  a  party  passes. 

193.  To  salute,  a  sentinel  halts,  facing  in  the  direc- 
tion in   which    he   was   walking,   brings   his    piece  to 
a  carry  upon  halting,  and  then  faces  outward.     This  is 
done  when*  the  approaching  officer  or  party  arrives  at 
a  distance  of  about  thirty  yards  from  the  sentinel.     If 
he  approach  along  the  post,  the  present  will  be  given 
when  the  officer  arrives  at  a  distance  of  about  six  yards. 
If  he  pass  in  front  of  the  sentinel,  but  not  along  the 
post,  he  is  saluted  just  before  he  passes  the  sentinel's 
front.     If  he  cross  the  post,  he  is  sainted  just  before 
he  crosses.     If  he  pass  in  rear,  he  is  not  saluted,  but 
the  sentinel  stands  at  attention,  facing  outward. 


*v  \  » 

- 
ORDERS  Fcilffil&lTY          49 


194.  The  sentinel  will   1  1  i  imTi  in    IWjrTM  1  1  '  until 
his  salute  is  returned,  or  until  the  person  saluted  has 
passed. 

195.  Mounted  sentinels,  armed  with  the  saher  and 
with  sabers  drawn,  will  salute  by  presenting  saber  ;  if 
armed  with  the  carbine  only,  they  will  take  the  posi- 
tion of  advance  carbine. 

196.  If  an  officer  or  a  group  of  officers  approach 
and  remain  on  or  near  a  sentinel's  post  without  coining 
under  any  of  the  conditions  described  in   paragraph 
193,  the  sentinel  will  continue   to  walk  his  post,  and 
will  salute  the  officer  or  group  of  officers,  as  he  passes 
them,  with  the   rifle  salute.      The  sentinel  in  repass- 
ing  the  same  officer  or  group  of  officers  will  not  again 
salute  or  pay  any  further  compliment. 

197.  A  sentinel  in  a  sentry-box,  upon  the  approach 
of  an  officer,  will  stand  at  a  carry,  and  if  armed  with 
a  rifle   or  carbine,  will  present   arms  as   the    officer 
passes. 

198.  In  wet  weather,  with  no  sentry-boxes,  the  usual 
salutes  will  be  rendered. 

199.  A  sentinel  at  port  arms,  and  in  communication 
with  an  officer,  will  not  interrupt  the  communication 
for  the  purpose  of  saluting  a  junior,  unless  directed  by 
the  senior  to  do  so. 

200.  The  sentinel  at  the  guard-house  salutes  in  every 
way  as  prescribed  above. 

Between   reveille    and    retreat,  in    addition    to    the 
salutes  rendered  by  him,  he  will,  on  the  approach  of  an 


50  MANUAL  OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

armed  body  of  troops  or  a  person  entitled  to  the  com- 
pliment, call,  "  Turn  out  the  guard"  and  announce 
who  approaches.  The  guard  will  not  be  turned  out 
for  troops  at  drill  \vhen  they  pass  the  guard-house. 

201.  Though  the  guard  be  already  formed,  he  will 
not  fail  to  call,  u  Turn  out  the  guard"  on  the  approach 
of  any  person  entitled  to  the  compliment. 

202.  The  following  persons  are  entitled  to  this  com- 
pliment :    The  President,  Vice-President,  Members  of 
the  Cabinet,  Chief  Justice,  and  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  ;  Governors  in 
their  respective  states  or  territories ;  the  Sovereign  or 
Chief  Magistrate  of  a  foreign  state  ;  the  Heir- Apparent 
and  Consort  of  the  reigning  sovereign  of  a  foreign 
state ;  all  general  officers  of  the  army ;  general  officers 
of  a  foreign  service  visiting  at  a  post ;   naval,  marine, 
volunteer,  and   militia   officers    in   the  service  of   the 
United  States  and  holding  the  relative  rank  of  a  general 
officer ;    American    or   foreign   envoys    or   ministers ; 
commanding  officer,  and  the  officer  of  the  day. 

203.  The  relative  rank  of  officers  of  the  navy  and 
army  is    as  follows  :    Admiral,  general ;  vice-admiral, 
lieutenant-general ;    rear-admiral,  major-general ;  com- 
modore,   brigadier-general  ;    captain,    colonel  ;    com- 
mander,    lieutenant-colonel  ;     lieutenant  -  commander, 
major;  lieutenant,  captain;  lieutenant  (junior  grade), 
first  lieutenant ;  ensign,  second  lieutenant. 

204.  The  guard  will  be  turned  out  for  national  or 
regimental  colors. 


ORDERS  FOR  SALUTING.  51 

205.  All  guards  will  be  turned  out  for  officers  en- 
titled to  the  compliment  as  often  as  they  pass,  except 
personal  guards  of  general  officers,  which  turn  out  only 
to  the  general  whose  guards  they  are,  and  to  officers 
his  superior  in  rank. 

206.  The  following  examples  illustrate  the  manner 
in  which  the  sentinel  will  turn  out  the  guard  :   "  Turn 
out  the  guard,  commanding  officer  ;  "  "  Turn  out  the 
guard,  Governor  of  Territory ; "  "  Turn  out  the  guard, 
national  colors  ;  "  "  Turn  out  the  guard,  armed  party," 
etc.      At  the   approach    of   the  new  guard  at  guard- 
mounting,  the  old  guard  will  be  turned  out,  as  in  the 
last  example. 

207.  If  the  person  named  does  not  desire  the  guard 
formed,  he  will  salute,  or  say,  "Never  mind  the  guard" 
whereupon  the  sentinel  will   call    "  Never  mind  the 
guard" 

208.  After  having  called,  "  Turn  out  the  guard," 
the  sentinel  will  not  in  any  case  call,  "Never  mind 
the  guard"  on  the  approach  of  an  armed  party. 

209.  If  two  or  more  persons  entitled  to  compliment 
approach  at  the  same  time,  either  together  or  from 
different  directions,  the  sentinel,  in  his  call,  mentions 
first  the  senior  only.     If  the  senior  does  not  desire  to 
have  the   guard  formed,  the    sentinel  will   then   call, 
"  Turn  out  the  guard"  announcing  the  next  in  rank, 
and  so  on  until  all  entitled  to  the  compliment  have  been 
noticed,  when,  if  none  desire  the  guard  formed,  the  sen- 
tinel calls,  "  Never  mind  the  guard"    If,  however,  one 


52  MANUAL   OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

of  the  number  desire  the  guard  to  be  formed,  the  sen- 
tinel will  not  call  for  those  to  whom  such  person  is  sen- 
ior, though  they  be  of  rank  that  would  entitle  them  to 
compliment. 

ORDERS  IN  CASE  OF  FIRE  OR  DISORDER. 

210.  In  case  of  fire  or  disorder,  give  the  alarm.1 

211.  In  case  of  disorder,  a  sentinel  will  cry,  "  The 
guard"     If  a  fire  takes  place,  he  will  cry,   "Fire" 
adding  in  either  case  the  number  of  his  post.     If  the 
danger   be  great,  he  will   discharge   his   piece  before 
calling. 

212.  The  sentinel  will,  if  possible,  arrest  all  parties 
to  a  disorder  arising  on  or  near  his  post,  and  turn  them 
over  to  the  corporal  of  the  guard. 

213.  In   case  of   fire  or  disorder  arising   near  the 
guard-house,  the  sentinel  posted  there  will  call  the  cor- 
poral of  the  guard  and  report  the  facts  to  him. 

NIGHT  ORDERS.2 

214.  At  night,  exercise  the  greatest  vigilance.     Af- 
ter retreat,  or  the  hour  appointed  by  the  commanding 

1  See  note,  paragraph  169. 

2  The  following-  orders  imply  that  sentinels  have  instructions 
to  pass  persons  with  the  countersign.     This  is  always  the  case, 
unless  otherwise  ordered  by  the  commanding-  officer,  who,  if  the 
necessity  or  expediency  exist,   may  require  all  persons  to  be 
passed  by  an  officer  or  non-commissioned  officer  of  the  guard 
only.     The  commanding  officer  will  prescribe  how  and  where 
soldiers  and  others  shall  enter  or  leave  the  camp. 


NIGHT  ORDERS.  53 

officer,  until  broad  daylight,  challenge  all  parties  seen 
on  or  near  the  post,  arid  allow  no  persons  to  pass 
without  proper  authority.1 

FOR    ALL    SENTINELS    EXCEPT    THE     ONE    AT    THE 
GUAKD-HOUSE. 

215.  Between  retreat  (or  the  hour  appointed  by  the 
commanding  officer)  and  broad  daylight,  if  a  sentinel 
see  any  party  on  or  near  his  post,  he  will  advance 
rapidly  along  his  post  toward   such  party,  and  when 
about  thirty  yards  from  it,  will  take   the  position  of 
port  arms  (or,  if  armed  with  the  saber,  of  guard,  ex- 
cept that  the  left  hand  is  at  the  side)  and  challenge 
sharply,  "  Who  comes  there  ?  " 

216.  Until  duly  recognized,  by  countersign  or  other- 
wise, the  sentinel  will  allow  no  one  to  approach  nearer 
than  within  reach  of  his  bayonet,  —  a  distance  of  about 
eight  feet. 

If  there  be  two  or  more  persons  in  the  party  chal- 
lenged, the  sentinel  will  suffer  one  only  of  such  party 
to  approach  him  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the  counter- 
sign, or,  if  no  countersign  be  used,  of  being  duly  recog- 
nized. When  this  has  been  done,  the  whole  party  is 
advanced,  i.  0.,  allowed  to  pass.  Thus :  if  the  answer 
be  "Friends,"  the  sentinel  will  call,  "Halt.  Advance 
one  with  the  countersign ; "  the  countersign  being 
given,  the  sentinel  will  say,  "  The  countersign  is  right. 
Advance,  friends." 

If  the  answer  be,  "  Patrol,"  the  sentinel  will  call, 
1  See  note,  paragraph  109. 


54  MANUAL  OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

"Halt.  Advance  one  with  the  countersign;"  then, 
"  The  countersign  is  right.  Advance,  patrol" 

If  the  answer  be,  "  Officer  of  the  day  and  officer  of 
the  guard,"  the  sentinel  will  call,  "  Halt.  Advance 
one  with  the  countersign  ;  "  then,  u  The  countersign  is 
right.  Advance,  officer  of  the  day  and  officer  of  the 
guard." 

If  the  answer  be,  "  Officer  of  the  day  and  friends," 
the  sentinel  will  call,  "  Halt.  Advance  one  with  the 
countersign  ;  "  then,  "  The  countersign  is  right.  Ad- 
vance, officer  of  the  day  and  friends " 

If  the  answer  be,  "  Relief,"  the  sentinel  will  call, 
"Halt.  Advance  one  with  the  countersign;"  then, 
"  The  countersign  is  right.  Advance  relief." 

And  so  in  all  similar  cases.  % 

217.  If  the  answer  to  the  sentinel's  challenge  indi- 
cate that  one  person  alone  is  approaching,  the  proced- 
ure is  the  same  in  all  cases.     A  single  instance  will 
illustrate  :  The  answer  being,  "  Friend  with  the  coun- 
tersign," the  sentinel  will  call,  "  Advance,  friend  with 
the  countersign ;  "  then,  "  The  countersign  is  right. 
Advance,  friend." 

218.  In  case  a  mounted  party  be  challenged,  before 
advancing  it,  the   sentinel   will  cause  it  to   dismount, 
calling,  "Dismount,"  after  receiving  an  answer  to  his 
challenge.     He  then  advances  one  with  the  countersign, 
according  to  the  foregoing  rules. 

219.  If  two    or  more  parties  approach  a  sentinel's 
post  from  different  directions  and  at  the  same  time,  all 


NIGHT  ORDERS.  55 

such  parties  are  separately  challenged  and  halted  in 
turn.  The  senior  is  first  advanced  in  accordance  with 
the  foregoing  rules.  The  senior,  if  competent  to  give 
orders  to  the  sentinel,  may  direct  the  sentinel  to  ad- 
vance any  or  all  of  the  other  parties.  Without  such 
direction  the  sentinel  will  not  advance  any  of  them 
until  the  senior  leaves  him.  He  will  then  advance 
the  senior  only  of  the  remaining  parties,  and  when 
he  directs  or  leaves  him  the  others  will  be  similarly 
advanced. 

220.  If  a  party  be  already  advanced  and  in  commu- 
nication with  a  sentinel,  the  latter  will  challenge  any 
other  party  who  may  approach ;  if  the  party  challenged 
be  senior  to  the  one  already  on  his  post,  the  sentinel 
will  advance  such  party  at  once  ;  if  junior,  he  will  cause 
it  to  wait  until  the  senior  leaves  him. 

221.  The  following  order  of  rank  will  govern  a  sen- 
tinel in  advancing  different  parties  approaching  his  post 
at  night :  Commanding  officer,  officer  of  the  day,  officer 
of  the  guard,  patrols,  non-commissioned  officers  of  the 
guard  in  the  order  of  rank,  friends,  relief. 

222.  If  no  countersign  be  used,  the  rules  for  chal- 
lenging are  the  same.     The  rules  for  advancing  parties 
are  modified  only  as  follows :  Instead  of  saying,  "  Ad- 
vance (So  and  So)  with  the  countersign"  the  sentinel 
will   say,  "Advance  (So   and  So)  to  be  recognized.'9 
Upon  recognition,  the   sentinel  will   say,  "All  right. 
Advance  (So  and  So)" 

223.  The  sentinel  will  never  allow  himself  to  be  sur- 


* 
56  MANUAL  OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

prised,  or  permit  two  parties  to  advance  upon  him  at 
the  same  time. 

224.  In  all  cases  the  sentinel  will  satisfy  himself, 
before  passing  them,  that  the  parties   are  what  they 
represent  themselves  to  be,  and  have  a  right  to  pass. 
If  he  be  not  so  satisfied,  he  will  cause  them  to  stand, 
and  call  the  corporal  of  the  guard.     So,  likewise,  if  he 
have  no  authority  to  pass  persons  with  the  countersign, 
or  when  the  party  challenged  has  not  the  countersign, 
or  gives  an  incorrect  one. 

225.  After  challenging  and  duly  recognizing  an  offi- 
cer, the  sentinel,  unless  spoken  to,  stands  at  attention 
at  a  carry  until  the  officer  has  passed  him.     If  the 
officer,  however,  remain  in  the  vicinity,  the  sentinel 
will  resume  walking  his  post. 

226.  A  sentinel  will  not  divulge  the  countersign  to 
any  one  excepting  the  sentinel  who  relieves  him,  or  to 
a  person  from  whom  he  properly  receives  orders,  on 
such  person's  order.1 

227.  Should  sentinels  be  required  to  call  off  the  hours 
or  half-hours  of  the  night,  they  will  call  successively  in 
the  numerical  order  of  their  posts,  beginning  at  the 
guard-house,  each  one  giving  the  number  of  his  post, 

1  ARTICLE  OF  WAR  44.  —  Any  person  belonging1  to  the  armies 
of  the  United  States  who  makes  known  the  watchword  to  any 
person  not  entitled  to  receive  it,  according  to  the  rules  and  dis- 
cipline of  war,  or  presumes  to  give  a  parole  or  watchword  differ- 
ent from  that  which  he  received,  shall  suffer  death,  or  such 
other  punishment  as  a  court  martial  may  direct. 


NIGHT  ORDERS,  57 

repeating  the  hour  of  the  night,  and  *then  adding : 
"All's  well."  Thus:  "No.  2,  eleven  o'clock.  All's 
well."  This  call  should  be  made,  and  the  number  of 
the  post  and  the  hour  announced,  in  a  clear  and  dis- 
tinct manner,  without  >  unduly  prolonging  the  words. 
In  case  any  sentinel  fails  to  call  off,  the  one  next  pre- 
ceding him  will  repeat  the  call ;  if  he  does  not  hear  the 
next  sentinel  take  it  up  within  a  reasonable  time,  he 
will  call  the  corporal  of  the  guard  and  inform  him  of 
the  facts. 

FOB    SENTINELS    AT   THE    GUARD-HOUSE. 

228.  The  sentinel  at  the  guard-house,  between  re- 
treat (or  the  hour  appointed  by  the  tommanding  offi- 
cer) and  broad  daylight,  will  challenge  all  parties  who 
approach  the  guard-house,  or  attempt  to  cross  his  post, 
but   unlike    other  sentinels   he  will  advance    no    one. 
After  receiving  an  answer  to  his  challenge,  he  will  call, 
"Halt.     Corporal  of  the  guard  (So  and  So),"  repeat- 
ing the  answer  to  his  challenge.     He  will  not  in  such 
cases  repeat  the  number  of  his  post.     He  remains  in 
the  position  assumed  in  challenging  until  the  corporal 
of  the  guard  turns  out  and  advances  the  party  chal- 
lenged, when  he  resumes  walking  his  post,  unless  the 
party  be  entitled  to  a  salute ;  the  sentinel  will  in  this 
case  stand  at  attention  at  a  carry.     As  soon  as  the 
compliment  is  recognized,  he  resumes  walking  his  post. 

229.  In  calling  the  hours  of  the  night,  he  will,  at  the 
direction  of  a  non-commissioned  officer  of  the  guard, 


58  MANUAL   OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

call,  " No.  1  (such)  o'clock"  After  the  call  has  passed 
around  the  chain  of  sentinels  he  will  call,  "No.  1.  All 's 
well." 

230.  Between  retreat   and  the   hour  appointed  for 
challenging  to  begin,  and  between  broad  daylight  and 
reveille,  he  will  call,  "  Corporal  of  the  guard,  No.  1," 
on  the  approach  of  any  person  entitled  to  compliment, 
and  will  stand  at  attention  at  a  carry  if  any  officer 
pass  him, 

SPECIAL  ORDERS. 

231.  Special  orders  define  the  duties  to  be  performed 
by  a  sentinel  on  a  particular  post,  and  are  prescribed 
by  the  commanding  officer. 

232.  The  limits  and  extent  of  his  post  will  invariably 
constitute  one  of  the  special  orders  of  every  sentinel  on 
post. 

233.  The  sentinel  at  the  commanding  officer's  tent 
will  warn  him,  day  or  night,  of  any  unusual  movement 
in  or  about  the  camp.1 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

234.  All  persons,  of  whatever  rank  in  the  service, 
are  required  to  observe  respect  towards  sentinels. 

235.  The  salute  of  a  sentinel  will  invariably  be  re- 
turned by  the  officer  saluted. 

1  For  special  orders  of   color   sentinels   and  of   sentinels  in 
charge  of  prisoners,  see  paragraphs  311  and  347,  348. 


MISCELLANEOUS.  59 

236.  Standing  at  attention  by  a  sentinel,  after  the 
hour  for  challenging,  is  sufficient  compliment  to  require 
its  recognition,  by  a  salute,  from  an  officer  in  passing. 

237.  Any   person   entitled    to   compliment   from   a 
guard,  who  does  not  desire  to  have  the  guard  formed 
for  him,  will,  at  the  call  of  the  sentinel  at  the  guard- 
house, designating  his  title,  either  salute,  or  say,  loudly 
enough  to  be  heard  by  the  sentinel,  "  Never  mind  the 
guard" 

238.  A  general  officer,  or  the  commander  of  a  regi- 
ment or  post,  may  visit  the  guards  of  his  command,  and 
make  such  inspections  as  he    may  consider  essential. 
At  night,  or  in  the  field,  he  will  take  from  the  main 
body  of  the  guard  such  escort  as  he  may  deem  neces- 
sary to  accompany  him  to  the  next  guard,  on  reach- 
ing which  he  will  order  back  his  escort,  and,  taking 
a  new  one,  will  proceed  in  the  same  manner  to  other 
guards. 

239.  All  material  instructions  given  to  sentinels  by 
persons   entitled   to   visit   and   inspect   them,  will  be 
promptly  reported  to  the  commander  of  the  guard  by 
the  officer  giving  them. 

240.  Any  person  having  authority  to  inspect  a  guard, 
and  who  wishes  to  do  so,  will,  after  the  guard  is  pre- 
sented,  direct  its  commander  to  prepare  it  for   in- 
spection. 

241.  The  commander  of  an  armed  party,  on  passing 
a  guard  or  sentinel,  will  bring  his  command  to  a  carry 
before  returning  the  salute  of  such  guard  or  sentinel. 


60  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

242.  Officers  or  enlisted  men  passing  the  colors  will 
salute  whether  with  or  without  arms.     With  no  arms 
in  hand,  the  salute  will  be  made  by  raising  the  cap  or 
helmet.     If  the  colors  are  on  the  stacks,  the  salute  will 
also  be  made  on  crossing  the  color-line. 

STABLE   GUARDS   (CAVALRY). 

243.  Stable  guards    are  for   the   protection  of   the 
horses,  equipments,  and  forage,  as  well  as  for  the  en- 
forcement of  the  special  regulations  in  regard  to  stables 
and  horses. 

244.  Stable  guards  will  be  posted  in  each  cavalry 
stable,  under  the  supervision  and  control  of  their  re- 
spective troop  commanders,  and  will  consist  of  not  less 
than  one  non-commissioned  officer  and  three  privates. 
At  all  posts   not  occupied  exclusively   by  cavalry,   a 
proper  credit  will  be  allowed  each  cavalry  troop,  upon 
the  guard  roster  of  the  post,  for  the  number  of  men 
furnished  for  its  stable  guard.1     The  sentinels  will  be 
posted  within  the  stable,  or  at  the  picket  lines  when 
the  horses  are  kept  outside.     The  stable  guard  may  be 
used  as  a  herd  guard  during  the  day,  when  grazing  is 
practicable. 

245.  The  stable  guard  will  be  mounted  separately 
for  each  troop,  under  the  supervision  of  the  troop  com- 
mander, and  at  such  time  and  place  as  may  be  author- 
ized by  the  commanding  officer. 

1  See  note  to  paragraph  14. 


STABLE   GUARDS.  61 

246.  The  tour  continues  for  twenty-four  hours,  or 
until  properly  relieved  by  the  new  guard. 

247.  The  employment  of  stable  guards  for   police 
and  fatigue  duties  at  the  stables  is  forbidden,  but  this 
will  not  prohibit  the  stable  guard  from  being  required 
to  assist  in  feeding  grain  before  reveille. 

248.  The  members  of  the  stable  guard  will  groom 
their  own  horses  at  the  stable  hour.     They  will  wear 
stable  frocks  while  grooming,  —  belts  outside  the  frock. 

249.  Neither  the  non-commissioned  officers  nor  mem- 
bers of  the  stable  guard  will  absent  themselves  from 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  stables,  except  in  case  of 
urgent  necessity.     No  member  of  the  guard  will  leave 
for  any  purpose,  without  the  authority  of  the  non-com- 
missioned officer  of  the  guard. 

250.  The   non-commissioned   officer  and  one  mem- 
ber of  the  guard  will  go  for  meals  at  the  proper  hour ; 
upon  their  return,  the  other  members  of  the  guard  will 
be  directed  to  go  by  the  non-commissioned  officer. 

251.  When  the   horses   are   ordered   on   herd,  the 
guard  will  be  governed  by  special   instructions   from 
the  troop  commander. 

252.  Smoking  in  stables  or  in  their  immediate  vicin- 
ity is   prohibited.     No   fire  or   light,  other   than  the 
stable  lantern,  will  be  permitted  in  the  stables. 

253.  Stable    guard   duty   in  the   field   will  be  per- 
formed upon  the  same  principles,  with  the  modifica- 
tions rendered  necessary  by  the  change  of  conditions. 


62  MANUAL   OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

NON-COMMISSIONED    OFFICER   OF   STABLE    GUARD. 

254.  The  non-commissioned  officer  receives  his  orders 
from   the  troop  commander,  to  whom  he  will  report 
immediately  after  posting  his  first  sentinel,  and  when 
relieved  will  turn  over  all  his  orders  to  his  successor. 
He  instructs  the  sentinels  in  their  general  and  special 
duties  ;   exercises  general  supervision  over  his  entire 
guard  ;  exacts  order  and  cleanliness  about  the  guard- 
room ;  prevents  the  introduction  of  intoxicants  into  the 
guard-room  or  stables ;  receives,  by  count,  from    his 
predecessor,  the  animals,  horse  equipments,  and  all  prop- 
erty (both  public  and  private)  pertaining  thereto ;  ex- 
amines, before  relieving  his  predecessor,  all  locks,  win- 
dows, and  doors,  and  should  any  be  found  unsafe,  the 
fact  will  be  reported  to  his  troop  commander  when  he 
reports  for  orders.     He  will  personally  post  and  relieve 
each  sentinel,  taking  care  to  verify  the  property  re- 
sponsibility of  the  sentinel  who  comes  off  post,  and  to 
see  that  the  sentinel  who  goes  on  post  is  aware  of  the 
property  responsibility  that  he  assumes. 

255.  That    the   non-commissioned    officer    may   be 
more    thoroughly  informed    of   his   responsibility,   all 
horses  returned  to  the  stable  will  be  reported  to,  and 
be  inspected  by  him,  excepting  those  returning  from 
formation.      He  will   then  notify  the    sentinel  of  the 
number  returned,  and  see  that  the  horses  are  properly 
cared  for.     In  case  of  abuse,  he  will  promptly  report 
the  facts  to  the  troop  commander.     Should  the  horse 


STABLE   GUARDS.  63 

be  the  private  property  of  an  officer,  he  will  report 
such  abuse  to  the  owner. 

256.  The  non-commissioned  officer  will  report  any 
unusual  occurrence  during  his  tour  direct  to  his  troop 
commander. 

257.  Horses  and  other  property  for  which  the  non- 
commissioned officer  is  responsible  will  not  be  taken 
from  the  stables  without  the  order  of  the  troop  com- 
mander, except  in  the  following  cases  :  — 

A.  Officers'  horses  are  subject  to  their  owner's  or- 
ders. 

B.  Horses  for    authorized    mounted   duty  may  be 
taken  out  on  the  written  order  of  the  first  sergeant, 
which  order  will  be  preserved  and  handed  to  the  troop 
commander  by  the  non-commissioned  officer  when  he 
marches  off  guard. 

C.  Horses  may  be  taken  from  the  stables  for  other 
than  military  duty,  under  regulations  prescribed  by  the 
troop  commander,  approved  by  the  commanding  officer. 

D.  No  formal  order  will  be  required  for  horses  and 
equipments  to  leave  the  stable  at  the  established  hours 
for  mounted  drills,   ceremonies,   watering,  and    herd. 
The  non-commissioned  officer  will,  however,  be  present, 
and  satisfy  himself  that  the  horses  and  equipments  are 
taken  out  solely  for  these  purposes. 

258.  The  non-commissioned  officer  will  have  exclu- 
sive control  of  the  lanterns,  and  will  see  that  they  are 
prepared  during  the  day  for  lighting  at  night. 

259.  The   lanterns   will   not   be   lighted,    filled,  or 


64  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

trimmed  in  the  stables,  but  must  be  taken  to  the  guard- 
room, or  such  other  place  as  may  be  designated  by  the 
troop  commander  for  the  purpose. 

260.  The  non-commissioned  officer  must  answer  the 
sentinel's  calls  promptly. 

261.  In  case  of  fire,  the  non-commissioned   officer 
will  see  that  the  doors  farthest  from  the  side  from 
which  the  wind  is  blowing  are  promptly  thrown  open  ; 
he  will  then  commence  with  his  entire  guard  to  lead 
out  the  horses  and  secure  them  at  the  picket  line,  or 
such  other  place  as  may  have  been  previously  desig- 
nated in  case  of  fire. 

262.  Whenever  it  becomes  necessary  for  the    non- 
commissioned officer  to  leave  his  guard,  he  will  desig- 
nate a  member  of  it  to  take  charge  and  assume  his 
responsibility  during  his  absence. 

SENTINEL  OF  THE  STABLE  GUARD. 

263.  The    sentinel    in  the    discharge  of  his  duties 
will   be  governed  by  the  regulations  for  sentinels  of 
other  guards  whenever  they  are  applicable;    such    as 
courtesies  to  officers,  walking  post  in  a  soldierly  man- 
ner, challenging,  etc.     He  will  not  turn  out  the  guard 
except  when  ordered  by  proper  authority. 

264.  The  sentinel  will  receive  orders  from  the  com- 
manding officer,  the  troop  commander,  and  the  non- 
commissioned officer  of  the  stable  guard  only. 

265.  The   sentinel   will   not   permit   any   horse    or 
equipments  to  be  taken   from  the  stables,   except  in 
presence  of  the  non-commissioned  officer. 


STABLE   GUARD.  65 

266.  Should  a  horse  get  loose,  the  sentinel  will  catch 
him  and  tie   him  up.     If  he  be  unable  to  catch  the 
horse,  the  non-commissioned  officer  will  be  at  once  no- 
tified.   In  case  a  horse  be  cast,  or  in  any  way  entangled, 
he  will  relieve   him  if  possible ;  if  unable  to  relieve 
him,  he  will  call  the  non-commissioned  officer.     Senti- 
nels are  forbidden  to  punish  or  maltreat  a  horse. 

267.  When  a  horse  is  taken  sick,  the  sentinel  will 
notify  the  non-commissioned  officer,  who  in  turn  will 
call  the  farrier,  and  see  that  the  horse  is  properly  at- 
tended to. 

268.  In  case  of  fire,  the  sentinel  will  give  the  alarm 
by  stepping  outside  the  stable  and  firing  his  pistol  or 
piece  repeatedly,  calling  out  at  the  same  time,  "  Fire. 
Stables.     Troop  — . ' ' 

As  soon  as  the  guard  is  alarmed,  he  will  at  once 
open  the  doors  farthest  from  the  side  from  which  the 
wind  is  blowing,  drop  the  chain  and  bars,  and<  with  the 
other  members  of  the  guard,  will  proceed  to  lead  out 
the  horses  and  secure  them  at  the  picket  line,  or  such 
other  place  as  may  have  been  previously  designated  in 
case  of  fire. 

269.  The  sentinel  will  take  off  his  stable  frock  after 
he  has  finished  grooming  his  horse  ;  as  soon  as  stable 
duty  is  over  he  will  be  again  posted. 


66  MANUAL   OF  GUARD  DUTY. 


STABLE  AND  PARK  GUARD  (ARTILLERY). 

270.  The  pieces,  caissons,  etc.,  with  their  ammuni- 
tion and  stores,  as  well  as  the  horses,  harness,  and  for- 
age, are  in  charge  of  a  stable  and  park  guard  consist- 
ing of  two    non-commissioned    officers    and    as   many 
privates  as  may  be  necessary. 

271.  This  guard  will  be  mounted  separately  for  each 
battery,  and  will  be  under  the  exclusive  control  of  the 
battery  commander. 

272.  A  lieutenant  of  the  battery  is  detailed  daily  as 
battery  officer  of  the  day  ;  the  stable  and  park  guard 
is  under  his  immediate  orders,  and  those  of  the  captain. 

273.  It  is  the  duty  of  this  guard  to  enforce  the  spe- 
cial regulations  in  regard  to  the  stables,  horses,  and 
park. 

274.  The  tour  continues  for  twenty-four  hours,  or 
until  properly  relieved  by  a  new  guard. 

275.  The  sentinels  of  the  stable  and  park  guard  will 
be  posted  and  relieved  in  the  same  manner  as  those  of 
other  guards.     They  are  forbidden  to  strike  or  other- 
wise punish  horses  ;  they  wear  the  saber-belt  only  when 
on  post  at  the  stable  or  picket-line. 

276.  The  sentinels  over  the  horses   receive    orders 
from  the  stable  sergeant. 

277.  The  guard,  non-commissioned  officers,  and  sen- 
tinel will  perform  their  duties  in  accordance  with  the 
rules  prescribed  for  the  cavalry  stable  guard. 


COUNTERSIGNS  AND  PAROLES.  67 


PATROLS. 

278.  A  patrol  is  a  small  detachment  of  two  or  more 
men  detailed  to  observe  and  obtain  information  of  the 
enemy,  or  to  perform  some  special  service  connected  with 
guard  duty.    Patrols  are  usually  detailed  from  the  guard 
and  receive  their  instructions  from  its  commander. 

279.  If   the   patrol  be   required  to  go  beyond  the 
chain  of  sentinels,  the  officer  or  non-commissioned  offi- 
cer in  command  should  be  furnished  with  the  counter- 
sign, and  the  outposts  and  sentinels  warned. 

280.  If  challenged  by  a  sentinel,  the  patrol  is  halted 
by  its   commander,  and   the  non-commissioned  officer 
accompanying  it  advances  alone  and  gives  the  counter- 
sign. 

COUNTERSIGNS   AND  PAROLES. 

281.  Countersigns,  paroles,  and  watchwords  will  be 
used  in  the  performance  of  guard   duty,  especially  in 
the  presence  or  vicinity  of  an  enemy.     The  u  counter- 
sign "  is  a  word  given  daily  to  enable  guards  and  sen- 
tinels to  distinguish  persons  at  night.     It  is  given  to- 
such  persons  as  are  entitled  to  pass  and  repass  during 
the  night,  and  to  the  officer,  non-commissioned  officers, 
and  sentinels  of  the  guard.     To  officers  commanding 
guards  a  second  word,  called  the  "  parole,"  will  be  given 
as  a  check  upon  the  countersign,  by  which  such  officers 


68  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

as  are  entitled  to  make  visits  of  inspection  at  night  may 
be  distinguished.1 

282.  Sentinels  will  not  make  use  of  the  countersign 
except  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  them  to  distinguish 
persons  while  on  duty  as  sentinels.     Interior  guards  re- 
ceive the  countersign  only  when  ordered  by  the  com- 
mander of  the  troops. 

283.  When   the  parole  and  countersign    cannot   be 
communicated   daily   to   a  post  or  detachment  which 
ought  to  use  the  same  as  the  main  body,  a  series  of 
words  may  be  sent  for  some  days  in  advance. 

284.  If  the  countersign  be  lost,  or  if  a  member  of 
the  guard  desert  with  it,  the  commander  on  the  spot 
will  substitute  another  for  it,  and  report  the  case   at 
once  to  the  proper  superior,  that  immediate  notice  may 
be  given  to  headquarters. 

285.  The  parole  is  given  to  such  persons  only  as  have 
a  right  to  inspect  guards,  and  to  officers  in  command 
of  guards. 

286.  No  person  shall  make  known  the  countersign 
or  parole  to  any  person  not  entitled  to  receive  them.2 

287.  In  addition  to  the  countersign,  use  may  be  made 
of  preconcerted  signals,  such  as  striking  the  rifle  with 
the  hand,  or  striking  the  hands  together  a  certain  num- 
ber of  times  as  agreed  upon.     Such  signals  may  be  used 
by  the  guards  throughout  the  same  general  command, 
or  by  those  guards  only  which  occupy  exposed  points. 

1  See  Appendix  II. 

2  See  note,  paragraph  226. 


FLAGS  AND   COLORS.  69 

They  are  made  before  the  countersign  is  given,  and 
must  not  be  made  known  to  any  person  not  authorized 
to  know  the  countersign.  Their  use  is  intended  to  pre- 
vent the  surprise  of  a  sentinel. 

288.  In  the  daytime,  signals  may  be  used  by  senti- 
nels to  communicate  with  the  guard  or  with  each  other. 
They  may  be  made  by  raising  a  cap  or  a  handkerchief 
in  a  preconcerted  manner. 

289.  Paroles  and  countersigns  are  issued  in  the  form 
of  an  order,  a  copy  of  which  is  sent  to  all  persons  en- 
titled to  use  them.     The  parole  is  omitted  in  the  order 
sent  to  a  person  entitled  to  use  the  countersign  only. 


FLAGS   AND   COLORS. 

290.  The  Garrison  Flag  is  the  national  flag.     It  is 
furnished  to  very  important  posts  only,  or  those  having 
large  garrisons,  *  and  will  be  hoisted  only  on  gala  days 
and  great  occasions. 

The  Post  Flag  is  furnished  to  all  posts  garrisoned  by 
troops,  and  will  be  hoisted  only  in  pleasant  weather. 

The  Storm  Flag  is  furnished  to  all  occupied  military 
posts,  and  will  be  hoisted  in  stormy  or  windy  weather. 

291.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  officer  of  the  guard  to  see 
that  the  proper  flag  is  hoisted. 

292.  The  flag  should  be  hoisted  at  reveille  and  low- 

1  These   posts   are   designated    from    Headquarters    of    the 

Army. 


70  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

ered  at  retreat.     In  case  of  storm,  either  of  wind  or 
rain,  he  will  see  that  the  storm  flag  is  promptly  raised. 

293.  Under  no  circumstances  will  the  flag  of  a  mili- 
tary post  be  dipped  by  way  of  salute  or  compliment. 

294.  On  the  death  of  an  officer  at  a  military  post, 
the  flag  is  displayed  at  half-staff  and  kept  so,  between 
the  hours  of  reveille  and  retreat,  until  the  last  salvo  or 
volley  is  fired  over  his  grave,  or,  if  the  remains  are  not 
interred  at  the  post,  until  they  are  removed  therefrom. 

295.  During  the  funeral  of  an  enlisted  man  the  flag 
is  displayed  at  half-staff,  and  is  hoisted  to  the  top  after 
the  final  volley  or  gun  is  fired. 

296.  All  military  posts  in  sight,  or  within  six  miles 
of  each  other,  display  their  flags  at  half-staff  upon  the 
occasion  of  either  one  doing  so. 

297.  On  all  occasions  when  the  flag  is  displayed  at 
half-staff  it  is  lowered  to  that  position  from  the  top  of 
the  staff.     It  is  afterwards  hoisted  to  the  top  before 
being  finally  lowered. 

298.  The  national  colors  will  always  be  displayed  at 
the  time  of  firing  salutes. 

299.  The  sentinel  at  the  guard-house,  or  the  sentinel 
nearest  the  flag-staff,  will  report  at  once  to  the  corporal 
of  the   guard   any  danger  to   the  flag,  from  loosened 
halyards,  or  from  entanglement  with  either  halyards 
or  staff. 

300.  When  practicable,  a  detail  consisting  of  a  non- 
commissioned officer  and  two  privates  of  the  guard  will 
be  detailed  to  raise  or  lower  the  flag.     This  detail  is 


FLAGS  AND   COLORS.  71 

formed  in  line,  in  side  arms,  or  if  the  special  equip- 
ment does  not  include  side  arms,  then  in  belts  only  ; 
the  detail  is  marched  to  the  staff,  the  non-commis- 
sioned officer,  carrying  the  flag,  in  the  center.  The 
flag  is  then  securely  attached  to  the  halyards,  and  if 
at  reveille,  is  rapidly  hoisted  at  the  sounding  of  the 
first  note  of  the  reveille,  or  the  first  note  of  the 
march,  if  a  march  is  played  before  the  reveille.  Tlio 
halyards  are  then  securely  fastened  to  the  cleat  on  the 
staff. 

301.  If  the  flag  is  to  be  lowered,  the  halyards  are 
loosened  from  the  staff  and  made  perfectly  free.     At 
retreat,  the  flag  is  lowered  at  the  sounding  of  the  last 
note  of  the  retreat.     It  is  then  neatly  folded,  and  the 
halyards  are  made  fast.     The  detail  is  then  marched 
to  the  guard-house,  where  the  flag  is  turned  over  to  the 
commander  of  the  guard. 

302.  The    commander  of   the    guard  will    see  that 
proper  details  are  made  to  hoist  or  lower  the  flag  at 
reveille  and  retreat,  and  that  these  details  are  made  in 
time  for  these  duties  to  be  properly  performed. 

303.  Should   the  national    or  regimental   colors  be 
on  the  stacks  on  the  color  line,  in  case  the  stacks  are 
broken  for  any  cause,  the  sergeant  of  the  guard,  un- 
armed, will  take  two  armed  privates  as  a  guard,  and 
will  carry  the  colors  to  the  colonel's  quarters. 


72  MANUAL    OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

COLOR   LINE   AND    SENTINELS. 

304.  A  sufficient  number  of  sentinels,  not  to  exceed 
three,  is  placed  on  the  color  line  to  guard  the  stacks 
and  colors. 

305.  In  camps  for  the  instruction  of  troops  the  proper 
number  of  sentinels  for  the  color  line  may  be  selected 
from  the  guard  by  the  adjutant  at  guard-mounting,  the 
required  number  of  extra  men  being  detailed  for  guard 
for  this  purpose.     They  are  designated  color  sentinels, 
and  are  selected  in  the  manner  prescribed  for  the  selec- 
tion of  the  orderly  for  the  commanding  officer.1 

306.  Color  sentinels  so  selected  are  on  post  only  so 
long  as  the  stacks  are  formed.     Their  places  are  taken 
at  night  by  the  other  sentinels  posted  on  the  color  front 
or  on  the  flanks. 

307.  When  stacks  are  broken,  they  may  be  permitted 
to  return  to  their  respective  companies.     They  are  re- 
quired to  report  in  person  to  the  officer  of  the  guard  at 
reveille  and  tattoo.     They  will  fall  in  with  the  guard, 
under  arms,  at  retreat  and  at  guard-mounting. 

308.  Color  sentinels  are  not  placed  on  the  regular 
reliefs,  nor  is  their  post  numbered.     In  calling  for  the 
corporal  of   the  guard,  they   call,  "  Corporal   of  the 
guard.     Color  line" 

309.  The  time  of  walking  post  on  the  color  line  is 
equally  divided  among  the  color  sentinels,  by  the  officer 
of  the  guard. 

1  See  paragraph  151. 


73 

310.  A  color  sentinel  on  post  is  subject  to,  and  will 
observe,  all  the  general  orders  prescribed  for  sentinels 
on  other  posts. 

SPECIAL  ORDERS   FOR  COLOR  SENTINELS. 

311.  A  sentinel  placed  over  the  colors  will  not  per- 
mit them  to  be  moved,  except  in  presence  of  an  armed 
escort. 

He  will  allow  no  one  to  touch  them  but  the  color 
bearer,  or  a  non-commissioned  officer  of  the  guard  when 
he  is  accompanied  by  two  armed  men. 

He  will  not  permit  any  soldier  to  take  arms  from  the 
stacks  or  to  touch  them,  except  by  order  of  some  officer, 
or  a  non-commissioned  officer  of  the  guard.1 

He  will  see  that  every  person  crossing  the  color  line 
salutes  the  colors.  In  case  any  person  fails  to  pay  this 
mark  of  respect  to  the  colors,  he  will  call  the  corporal 
of  the  guard,  and  inform  him  of  the  case. 

PRISONERS. 

312.  The  following  articles  of  war  bear  directly  upon 
the  subject  of  the  confinement  of  prisoners  by  a  military 
guard,  and  their  provisions  must  be  carefully  observed : 

313.  ARTICLE  66.  —  Soldiers  charged  with   crimes 
shall  be  confined  until  tried  by  court-martial,  or  released 
by  proper  authority. 

1  This  order  applies  also  to  other  sentinels  pasted  on  the  color 
front. 


74  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

314.  ARTICLE  67.  —  No  provost  marshal,  or  officer 
commanding  a  guard,  shall  refuse  to  receive  or  keep 
any  prisoner  committed  to  his  charge  by  an  officer  be- 
longing to  the  forces  of  the  United  States ;  provided 
the  officer  committing  shall,  at  the  same  time,  deliver 
an  account  in  writing,  signed  by  himself,  of  the  crime 
charged  against  the  prisoner. 

315.  ARTICLE  68.  —  Every  officer  to  whose  charge 
a  prisoner  is  committed  shall,  within  twenty-four  hours 
after  such   commitment,  or  as  soon  as  he  is  relieved 
from  his  guard,  report  in  writing,  to  the  commanding 
officer,  the  name  of  such  prisoner,  the  crime  charged 
against  him,  and  the  name  of  the  officer  committing 
him ;  and  if  he  fails  to  make  such  report,  he  shall  be 
punished  as  a  court-martial  may  direct. 

316.  ARTICLE    69.  —  Any   officer   who    presumes, 
without  proper  authority,  to  release  any  prisoner  com- 
mitted to  his  charge,  or  suffers  any  prisoner  so  com- 
mitted to  escape,  shall  be  punished  as  a  court-martial 
may  direct. 

317.  ARTICLE  70.  —  No  officer  or  soldier  in  arrest 
shall  be  continued  in  confinement  more  than  eight  days, 
or  until  such  time  as  a  court  martial  can  be  assembled. 

318.  The  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  con- 
tain the  following  section : 

SECTION  2151.  —  No  person  apprehended  by  military 
force   under  the   preceding  section l  shall  be  detained 

1  The  preceding-  section  referred  to,  Section  2150,  R.  S.,  pro- 
vides for  the  employment,  by  direction  of  the  President,  of  the 


PRISONERS.  75 

longer  than  five  days  after  arrest  and  before  removal. 
All  officers  and  soldiers  who  may  have  any  such  person 
in  custody  shall  treat  him  with  all  the  humanity  which 
the  circumstances  may  permit. 

319.  The  commander  of  a  guard  will  place  a  civilian 
in  confinement  only  on  an  order  from  higher  authority, 
unless  such  civilian  be  arrested  while  in  the  act  of  com- 
mitting some  crime  within  the  limits  of  the  military 
jurisdiction  ;  in  which  case  the  commanding  officer  will 
be  immediately  notified. 

320.  Civilian  prisoners,  and  soldiers  in  confinement 
belonging  to  other  commands,  are  temporarily  attached 
to  companies  for  rations. 

321.  Non-commissioned  officers  will  not  bo  confined 
at  the  guard-house  in  company  with  privates,  but  will 
be  placed  in  arrest  in  their  barracks  or  quarters,  ex- 
cept in  aggravated  cases,  where  escape  is  feared. 

322.  The  arrest  of  a  non-commissioned  officer   and 
the  confinement  of  a  soldier  will  be  reported  to  his  im- 
mediate commander  as  soon  as  practicable. 

323.  An  officer  ordering  a  soldier  into  confinement 
will  send  a  written   statement,  signed  by  himself,  to 
the  commander  of  the  guard,  setting  forth  the  name, 
company,  and  regiment  of   such  soldier,  and   a  brief 
statement  of  his  alleged  offense.     It  is  sufficient  state- 
ment of  the  offense  to  give  the  number  of  the  article  of 
war  under  which  the  soldier  is  charged. 

military  forces  of  the  United  States  in  the  execution  of  certain 
laws  relative  to  Indians  and  to  the  Indian  country. 


76  MANUAL    OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

324.  If,  at  guard-mounting,  no  such  statement  has 
been  received,  the  commander  of  the  guard  will  direct 
the  attention  of  the  officer  of  the  day  to  the  case,  and 
the  latter  officer  will  order  the  prisoner  to  be  released, 
unless  he  has  received  specific  orders  to  the   contrary 
from  the  commanding  officer. 

325.  The   commander  of  the  guard  will,  at  guard- 
mounting,  also  report  to  the  officer  of  the  day  all  pris- 
oners to  be  released  by  reason  of  expiration  of  term  of 
sentence. 

326.  The  officer  of  the  guard,  or  officer  of  the  day, 
if  there  be  no  officer  of  the  guard,  will  read  the  sen- 
tences of  prisoners  to  them  at  the  guard-house  when 
the  order  promulgating  the  same  is  received. 

327.  The  commander  of  a  guard  is  responsible  for 
the  security  of  the  prisoners  under  the  charge  of  his 
guard.     He  will  inspect  the  guard-rooms  and  cells,  and 
the  irons  of  such  prisoners  as  may  be  ironed,  at  least 
once  during  his  tour,  and  at  such  other  times  as  he 
may  deem  necessary. 

328.  He  will  see  that  the  sentences  of  prisoners  un- 
der his  charge  are  executed  strictly  as  confirmed    by 
the  reviewing  authority. 

329.  He  will  cause  sentinels  over  working  parties  of 
prisoners    to    be   taken    from   those  assigned  to  posts 
guarded  at  night  only.     If  there  be  none  such,  he  will 
cause  this  duty  to  be   divided   as  equally  as  possible 
among  the  soldiers  of  his  guard. 

330.  Enlisted    men    in    confinement    awaiting   trial 


PRISONERS.  77 

will  not  be  sent  out  to  work  with  prisoners  undergoing 
sentence.  While  thus  confined  they  will  be  given  suf- 
ficient daily  exercise  under  the  supervision  of  a  guard  ; 
and  they  may,  in  the  discretion  of  the  commanding 
officer,  be  required  to  attend  drills,  and  perform  such 
labor  as  is  habitually  required  of  soldiers. 

331 .  Prisoners  awaiting  trial  by  or  under  sentence 
of  a  general  court-martial  will,  if  practicable,  be  kept 
apart  from  those  confined  by  sentence  of    a   garrison 
court,  or  for  minor  offenses. 

332.  The  officer  of  the  guard  will  inspect  all  meals 
sent  to  the  guard-house  for  the  prisoners,  and  will  see 
that  the  quantity  and  quality  are  in  accordance  with 
regulations. 

333.  The  sergeant  of  the  guard  has  direct  charge  of 
prisoners,  and  is  responsible  to  the  commander  of  the 
guard    for   their  security.     He  will   receive  prisoners 
committed  to  the  charge  of  the  guard,  and  will  take 
from  them  all  articles  not  proper  for  prisoners  to  re- 
tain while  in  confinement. '    Such  articles,  labeled  with 
the  owner's  name,  will  be  handed  to  the  commander  of 
the   guard.     They   will  be  turned  over  to    the    com- 
mander of  the  company  to  which  the  soldier  belongs, 
or  to  which  he  is  temporarily  attached. 

334.  The  sergeant  of  the  guard  will  see  that  no  con- 
traband articles  of  any  kind  are  conveyed  to  prisoners. 
He  will  carry  the  keys  of  the  guard-room  and  cells, 
and  will  not  suffer  them  to  leave  his  personal  possession 
while  he  is  at  the  guard-house,  except  as  hereinafter 
provided.1     Should    he    leave    the  guard-house  for  any 

1  See  paragraph  :MO. 


78  MANUAL   OF   GUARD  DUTY. 

purpose,  he  will  turn  the  keys  over  to  the  non-commis- 
sioned officer  of  the  guard  next  in  rank  who  may  be 
present. 

335.  He  will  see  that  the  guard-room  and  cells  are 
thoroughly  policed  twice  daily,  morning  and  evening. 

336.  He  will  see  that  prisoners  pay  proper  attention 
to  cleanliness  of  person.     He  will  cause  each  prisoner 
to  wash  himself  at  least  once  each  day,  or  oftener  if 
necessary.     Each  prisoner  should  be  required  to  bathe 
his  whole  person  at  least  once  a  week. 

337.  He  will  see  that  prisoners  are  furnished  with 
food  from  their  respective  companies,  or  from  the  com- 
panies to  which  they  may  be  temporarily  attached.     He 
will   count  the  knives,  forks,  etc.,  given  to   prisoners 
with  their  food,  and  see  that  none  of  these  articles  re- 
main in  their  possession. 

Enlisted  men  bringing  meals  to  prisoners  will  not 
be  allowed  to  enter  the  guard-room. 

338.  No  prisoner  will  be  allowed  to  leave  the  guard- 
house unless   under  the   special  charge   of   a   sentinel. 
Only  one  prisoner  at  a  time  should  be  allowed  to  go  to 
the  sink. 

339.  A  prisoner  under  charge  of  a  sentinel  will  not 
salute  an  officer.     The  sentinel  only  will  salute. 

340.  Prisoners,  when  paraded  with  the   guard,  are 
placed   in  line,  in  its   centre.     The  sergeant,  immedi- 
ately before  forming  the  guard,  will  turn  over  his  keys 
to    the  non-commissioned   officer    at   the    guard-house. 
Having  faced  the  guard  to  the  left,  he  will  divide  it 
into  two  equal  parts.     Indicating  the  point  of  division 
with  his  hand,  he  will  then  command,  — 


PRISONERS.  79 

1.  Right  (or  left),  2.  FACE,  3.  Forward,  4.  MARCH, 
5.  Guard,  6.  HALT,  7.  Left  (or  right),  8.  FACE. 
The  right  or  left  half  only  of  the  guard  will  execute 
the  above  movements  at  the  command  of  the  sergeant. 
If  the  first  command  be  right  face,  the  right  half  of 
the  guard  only  will  execute  them ;  if  left  face,  the 
left  half  only  will  execute  them.  The  command  halt 
is  given  when  sufficient  interval  is  obtained  to  admit 
the  prisoners.  The  doors  of  the  guard-room  and  cells 
are  then  opened  by  the  non-commissioned  officer  having 
the  keys.  The  prisoners  will  file  out  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  sergeant  of  the  guard,  the  non-commis- 
sioned officer,  and  the  sentinel  on  duty  at  the  guard- 
house, and  will  form  in  line  in  the  interval  between  the 
two  parts  of  the  guard. 

341.  To  return  the  prisoners  to  the  guard-room  and 
cells,  the  sergeant  will  command,  — 

1.    Prisoners,  2.    Right,  3.    FACE,  4.     Forward,  5. 

Column  right,    6.  MARCH. 

The  prisoners,  under  the  same  supervision  as  before, 
will  return  to  their  proper  rooms  or  cells. 

342.  The  sergeant  will  then  close  the  guard  by  the 
commands,  — • 

1.  Left  (or  right),  2.  FACE,  3.  Forward,  4.  MARCH, 
5.  Guard,  6.  HALT,  7.  Right  (or  left),  8.  FACE. 
The  left  or  right  half  only  of  the  guard,  as  indicated, 

execute  the  movement  at  the  command  of  the  sergeant. 

343.  If  there  be  but  few  prisoners,  the  sergeant  may 
indicate  the  point  of  division  as  above,  and  form  the 
necessary  interval  by  the  commands,  — 


80  MANUAL   OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

1.  Side  step  to  the  right  (or  left),  2.  MARCH,  3.  Guard, 

4.  HALT, 

and  close  the  interval  by  the  commands,  — 
1.     Side    step   to   the   left    (or   right),   2.     MARCH, 
3.  Guard,  4.  HALT. 

344.  The  sergeant  of  the  guard  will  cause  the  cor- 
poral of  each  relief  to  verify  the  number  of  prisoners 
whenever  his  relief  goes  on  post. 

345.  The  officers  of  the  day  are  required  to  verify 
the  number  of  prisoners  at  guard-mounting. 

The  officers  of  the  day  take  post  in  front  of  and  fac- 
ing the  center  of  the  old  guard.  The  new  officer  of 
the  day,  from  the  list  of  prisoners  on  the  report  of  the 
commander  of  the  guard,  calls  the  names  of  the  prison- 
ers. Each  prisoner,  as  his  name  is  called,  answers 
44  Here"  steps  one  pace  to  the  front,  and  halts. 

346.  The    commander   of  the  new    guard,    having 
directed  his  sergeant  to  form  interval  to   receive  the 
prisoners,   will,   when    the    latter    have    been   verified, 
command,  — 

1.    Prisoners,  2.  Right,  3.    FACE,    4.    Forward,   5. 

MARCH. 

The  prisoners  having  arrived  opposite  the  interval 
in  the  new  guard,  he  will  command,  — 
1.  Prisoners,  2.  HALT,  3.  Left,  4.    FACE,  5.    Right 

backward,  6.  DRESS,  7.  FRONT. 
The  prisoners  dress  back  on   the  line  of  the    new 
guard. 


81 


SPECIAL   ORDERS    FOR    SE^^^L^JSrfKGE    OF 

PRISONERS. 
For  the  sentinels  at  the  guard-house  : 

347.  The  sentinel   at    the    guard-house  will    have 
charge  of  the  prisoners    therein    confined.      He  will 
allow  none  to  escape,  or  to  cross  his  post  except  under 
proper  guard. 

He  will  allow  no  one  to  communicate  in  any  way 
with  prisoners,  without  proper  permission. 

He  will  at  once  report  to  the  corporal  of  the  guard 
any  suspicious  noise  made  by  prisoners. 

He  must  be  prepared  to  tell,  whenever  asked,  how 
many  prisoners  are  in  the  guard-house,  and  how  many 
are  at  work  or  elsewhere. 

Whenever  prisoners  pass  his  post,  returning  from 
work,  he  will  call  the  corporal  of  the  guard,  notifying 
him  of  the  number  of  prisoners  so  returning.  Thus, 
"  Corporal  of  the  guard,  (so  many)  prisoners." 

If  a  prisoner  attempt  to  escape,  the  sentinel  will  call 
"  Halt"  If  he  fail  to  halt  when  the  sentinel  has  once 
repeated  his  call,  and  if  there  be  no  other  possible 
means  of  preventing  his  escape,  the  sentinel  will  fire 
upon  him.1 

For  sentinels  in  charge  of  prisoners : 

348.  A  sentinel  in  charge  of  prisoners  at  work  will 
not  suffer  them  to  escape,  nor  allow  them  to  converse 
with  each  other,  nor  with  any  person,  without  proper 

1  The  following  circular,  published  by  the  War  Department, 


82  MANUAL  OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

authority.  He  will  not  himself  speak  to  them,  except  in 
the  execution  of  his  duty.  He  will  see  that  they  keep 
closed  and  are  orderly  in  deportment,  and  that  they 
keep  constantly  at  work. 

will  more  fully  explain  the  position  of  sentinels  in   charge  of 

prisoners :  — 

WAR  DEPARTMENT. 
ADJUTANT  GENERAL'S  OFFICE, 

Washington,  November  1,  1887. 

[Circular.] 

By  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War  the  following  is  pub- 
lished for  the  information  of  the  Army  :  — 

U.  S.  CIRCUIT  COURT,  E.  D.  OF  MICH.  AUG.  1,  1887. 
The  United  States  v.  James  Clark. 

The  Circuit  Court  has  jurisdiction  of  a  homicide  committed  by 
one  soldier  upon  another  within  a  military  reservation  of  the 
United  States. 

If  a  homicide  be  committed  by  a  military  guard  without 
malice  and  in  the  performance  of  his  supposed  duty  as  a  sol- 
dier, such  homicide  is  excusable,  unless  it  was  manifestly  be- 
yond the  scope  of  his  authority,  or  was  such  that  a  man  of  or- 
dinary sense  and  understanding  would  know  that  it  was  illegal. 

It  seems  that  the  sergeant  of  a  guard  has  a  right  to  shoot  a 
military  convict  if  there  be  no  other  possible  means  of  pre- 
venting his  escape. 

The  common  law  distinction  between  felonies  and  misdemean- 
ors has  no  application  to  military  offenses. 

While  the  finding  of  a  Court  of  Inquiry  acquitting  the  pris- 
oner of  all  blame  is  not  a  legal  bar  to  a  prosecution,  it  is  en- 
titled to  weigh  as  an  expression  of  the  views  of  the  military 
court  of  the  necessity  of  using  a  musket  to  prevent  the  escape 
of  the  deceased. 

By  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War : 

R.  C.  DRUM,  Adjutant- General 


POLICE  DUTY.  83 

He  will  keep  his  prisoners  constantly  in  front  of  him, 
and  never  allow  them  to  walk  at  his  side  or  in  his  rear. 
He  will  not  at  any  time  lose  sight  of  them.  He  will 
salute  all  officers  with  the  sergeant's  salute.1  In  salut- 
ing he  will  take  care  to  keep  his  prisoners  constantly 
in  front  of  him. 

In  crossing  the  post  of  the  sentinel  at  the  guard- 
house, a  sentinel  in  charge  of  prisoners  will  call,  "  No. 
1,  (so  many)  prisoners.'" 

Should  a  prisoner  attempt  to  escape,  the  sentinel 
will  call  "Halt."  If  the  prisoner  fail  to  halt  when 
the  sentinel  has  once  repeated  his  call,  and  if  there  be 
no  other  possible  means  of  preventing  his  escape,  the 
latter  will  fire  2  upon  him. 

POLICE   DUTY. 

349.  In  camp,  general  police  duty  is  usually  done 
by  the  old  guard,  under  the  direction  of  the  officer  of 
the  day.     The  tour  is  for  twenty-four  hours  beginning 
with  fatigue  call  in  the  morning  of  the  day  following 
that  on  which  the  guard  marches  off.     The  camp  hav- 
ing been  policed,  the  old  guard  is  dismissed. 

350.  General  police  duty  may,  at  the  discretion  of 
the  commanding  officer,  be  performed  by  fatigue  par- 

1  It  is  proper,  however,  in  the  discretion  of  the  commanding 
officer,  to  direct  sentinels  in  charge  of  prisoners  not  to  render 
any  salute,  when  such  orders  are  necessary  in  order  that  the 
sentinel  may  not  have  his  attention  diverted  from  the  prisoners 
under  his  charge,  and  that  he  may  be  held  in  strict  accounta- 
bility for  their  safe  keeping  in  situations  favorable  for  escape. 

2  See  note,  paragraph  347^ 


84  MANUAL  OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

ties,  or  by  prisoners,  if  there  be  enough  of  the  latter 
for  the  purpose. 

ARTICLES  IN   CHARGE  OF  THE  GUARD. 

351.  Articles  oi;  camp  and  garrison  equipage  needed 
for  strictly  post  or  police  purposes,  such  as  flags,  spades, 
shovels,  axes,  hatchets,  pickaxes,  and  brooms,  will  be 
issued  by  the  post  quartermaster  on  special  requisition 
of  the  officer  of  the  guard  or  the  officer  of  the  day, 
approved  by  the  post  commander.     These  articles  will 
be  receipted  for  by  the  officer  making  the  requisition, 
and  dropped  from  the  quartermaster's  returns.     Ar- 
ticles other  than  those  herein  enumerated  will  be  ac- 
counted for  like  other  public  property. 

352.  The  articles  so  obtained  will  be  duly  entered, 
by  the  officer  who  receives  them,  on  the  guard  report, 
under  the  heading  "  Articles  in  Charge."     They  will 
be  carried  on  the  report,  and  daily  receipted  for  by  the 
successive   officers   of  the   guard    or   day.     When    no 
longer  fit  for  use,  they  will  be  submitted  for  inspection, 
and,  if  condemned,  disposed  of  as  ordered. 

353.  An  officer  who  receipts  for  property  so  carried 
on  the  guard  report  is  not  required  to  render  returns 
thereof.     He  is  relieved  from  accountability  for  it  by 
the  receipt  of  his  successor. 

354.  Non-commissioned    officers     in    command    of 
guards  do  not  receipt  for  such  articles,  but  are  held 
accountable  to  the  officer  of  the  day  for  their  safe- 
keeping, and  preservation  from  injury,  other  than  that 
resulting  from  fair  wear  and  tear  in  service. 


REVEILLE  AND  RETREAT   GUN.  85 

355.  Articles  unfit  for  use   will  be  so  noted  on  the 
guard  report.     They  will  be  kept  at  the  guard-house 
until  acted  on  by  an  authorized  inspector,  when  they 
will  be  disposed  of  as  by  him  ordered. 

356.  Should  any  article  be  ordered  to  be  destroyed 
or  otherwise  disposed  of,  a  copy  of  such  order  will  be 
entered  on  the  guard  report  by  the  officer  receiving  it, 
and  the  article   dropped  from  the  list  of    articles    in 
charge. 

357.  If,  at  guard- mounting,  any  article  be  missing, 
the  new  officer  of  the  guard,  or  of  the  day,  receipts 
for  those  actually  on  hand,  only. 

REVEILLE  AND  RETREAT  GUN. 

358.  At  posts  supplied  with  ordnance  and  ammuni- 
tion for  the  purpose,  a  morning  and  evening  gun  will 
be  fired  daily  at  reveille  and  retreat.     Guns  of  small 
caliber,  and  inferior  blank  cartridges,  or  powder,  when 
on  hand,  will  be  used. 

359.  The  piece  will  be  fired  by  a  detachment  of  the 
guard,  consisting,  if  practicable,  of  a  corporal  and  one 
or  two  privates.     The  piece  will  be  discharged  at  the 
command  of  the  corporal,  who  will  be  careful  to  take 
every  precaution  to  prevent  accident. 

360.  After  firing,  he  will  cause  the  piece  to  be  prop- 
erly sponged  out.     He  will  then  depress  the  muzzle  of 
the  piece  and  march  the  detachment  back  to  the  guard- 
house, carefully  replacing  all  equipments. 


APPENDIX  I. 

DETAILS  for  guard,  fatigue,  and  other  duties  performed 
by  roster  are  usually  posted  on  a  bulletin  board  as  indicated 
in  the  following  form.  The  second  column  gives  the  num- 
ber of  men  present  for  duty  in  each  company,  the  seventh, 
the  proportion  of  each  company,  as  determined  by  any  of 
the  rules  given  in  the  text :  — 


BULLETIN  BOARD. 


Guard  details  for  July  1,  1889. 


Co. 

Duty. 

Sergeants. 

Corporals. 

Musicians. 

Privates. 

Propor- 
tion. 

A. 

36 

A-.  B-. 

C—  .  D—  . 

I-.  J—  . 

2 

+.17 

B. 

40 

o 

+.41 

C. 

42 

E—  .  F—  . 

3 

-.47 

D. 

48 

G—  .  H—  . 

3 

—.11 

166 


10 


0.00 


Other  Details,  etc. 


Sergeant-Major. 


APPENDIX. 


87 


The  record  of  details  made  from  companies  is  usually 
kept  by  the  sergeant-major  in  a  blank  book  ruled  as  indi- 
cated in  the  following  form  :  — 


s 

o 

Date. 

§ 

to 

Date. 

§ 

+>n 

•8 

fl* 

c 
2 

"$ 

. 

g 

C 
£ 

i 

0* 

O 

B 

9 

02 

H 

£ 

02 

w 

A 

July  1,1889.... 

A. 
B. 

36 
40 

2 
2 

+.17 
+.41 

July  2,  1889  .. 

A. 
B. 

32 
36 

2 
3 

+.30 
-.19 

44          4*     .... 

C. 

42 

3 

—.47 

44          44 

C. 

40 

2 

+.20 

"          "     ••'" 

D. 

48 

3 

—.11 

IS                  64 

D. 

42 

3 

-.31 

166 

10 

0.00 

150 

10 

0.00 

APPENDIX  II. 

NOTE  on  Countersigns  and  Paroles,  by  the  "  Tactical 
Board,"  Convened  by  Special  Orders  No.  14,  Adjutant 
General's  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.,  January  18,  1888  :  — 

"  As  the  communications  containing  the  parole  and  coun- 
tersign must  be  distributed  by  many  orderlies,  the  parole 
entrusted  to  many  officers,  and  the  countersign  besides  to 
numerous  sentinels,  and  both  must  for  large  commands  be 
prepared  several  days  in  advance,  there  is  always  danger  of 
their  being  lost  or  otherwise  disclosed  to  persons  who  would 
make  improper  use  of  them.  Moreover,  a  sentinel  is  too 
apt  to  take  it  for  granted  that  any  person  who  gives  the 
right  countersign  is  what  he  represents  himself  to  be.  For 


88  APPENDIX. 

these  reasons,  experience  in  our  service  has  shown  that  for 
outpost  duty,  there  is  greater  security  in  the  discontinuance 
of  the  use  of  the  countersign  and  parole,  and  a  reliance 
upon  the  personal  recognition  by  the  sentinel  of  his  own 
immediate  officers  and  non-commissioned  officers  ;  all  other 
persons  to  be  detained  and  sent  to  the  commander  of  the 
guard,  who  will  decide  the  case  according  to  the  orders  he 
may  have  received." 


INDEX. 


PARAGRAPH 

ABBREVIATIONS  in  keeping  rosters 27 

Absences 7,  67,  68, 160,  249 

Accouterments,  removal  of 159 

Adjutant,  duties  of 17,  72,  151 

Advancing,  rules  for  sentinels 216-224,  228 

rules  for  non-commissioned  officers 137,  143,  144 

Alarms 106,  210-213,  268 

officer  of  the  day,  in  case  of 55 

officer  of  the  guard,  in  case  of 76,  78 

Appeals 2 

Armed  duty 3,  10,  164 

Armed  parties 81,  100,  106,  184 

detail  of 3 

guard  turned  out  for 81,  143,  200,  206,  208 

salute  of 191,  192,  241 

Arm-racks,  use  of ' 57, 107,  164 

Arms,  loading  of 123,  126 

of  guard,  sentinel  over. .  .70,  111,  118,  135,  143,  184,  200-209 
213,  228-230,  299,  340,  347,  348 

quitting  of 171 

removal  of,  from  stacks 311 

Arrest,  duration  of 317 

limits  of 321 

of  member  of  guard 72 

of  non-commissioned  officers 321,  322 

Arrested  persons 77,  97, 138,  139,  318-320 

Arrests,  by  sentinels 175,  184,  212,  224 

Articles,  contraband 333,  334 


90  INDEX. 

Articles  in  charge 351-357 

transfer  of 47,  57,  352-354 

use  of,  etc. .    101 

Artillery,  guard  duty  by 14,  15 

Attention,  standing  at,  as  compliment 87,  185,  228,  230,  236 

Battalion  commander,  detail  of 5 

Battery,  details  from 14,  15 

guard  duty  in 14,  15 

Bayonets 134,  168 

Bulletin-board,  form  of Appendix  I 

use  of 25,  26,  28 

Bunks,  of  members  of  guard 140 

Cabinet,  members  of,  compliments  to 189,  202 

Calling,  by  sentinels 142,  177,  181,  182,  260,  308 

of  hours 42,  227,  229 

Calls,  list  of 41 

sentinels',  repeating  of 170 

sounding  of 71,  147 

Camp,  entrance  to note  2,  page  52 

police  of 51,  349,  350 

safety  of,  etc 51,  63 

Camp  guard,  detail  of 13,  16 

Camping  party,  guard  of 94 

Cannoneers,  detail  of 15 

Captains,  roster  of 5,  18 

Cavalry,  detail  of 11,  14 

dismounted  duty  by 11, 12 

Cells,  inspection  of 327 

Challenge,  form  of 215 

Challenging,  by  corporal 137 

by  No.  1 228 

hours  for 41,  214 

rules  for 214-222 

Charges,  release  of  prisoners  without 48,  324 

Chief  Justice,  compliments  to 189,  202 

Chief  magistrate,  foreign,  compliments  to 189,  202 


INDEX.  91 

Civilian  prisoners 318-320 

Civilians,  compliments  to 83,  200-202 

Classification,  of  duties 3 

of  orders 169 

Cleanliness  of  prisoners : 336 

Clothing,  removal  of 159 

Colonel's  tent,  sentinel  over 233 

Color-line  and  sentinels 242,  304-311 

position  of 38 

Colors,  compliments  to 82,  148, 185,  204, 206,  242,  311 

on  stacks 303 

Commander,  of  armed  party 241 

of  guard 13,  58 

Commanding  officer,  compliments  to 79,  80,  202 

duties  of 17-20,  23,  38-45,  note  2,  page  52 

inspection  of  guard  by 238 

salute  to 56 

Commands,  mixed,  guard  duty  in 14 

Company,  detail  of 16 

Compliment,  declining  of 207,  237 

persons  entitled  to 54,  56,  79-83,  202-204 

rendered  how 84-90,  200-209 

Compliments  at  night 91 

Confinement,  duration  of 317 

soldiers  in 321,  322,  330,  331 

Consort,  royal,  compliments  to. 189,  202 

Contraband  articles 333-334 

Conversation,  by  prisoners 348 

by  sentinels 172,  348 

Convicts,  military 331,  note  347 

Corporal  of  the  guard,  assignment  of 108,  109 

called  by  sentinel 129,  180, 181,  260,  308 

duties  of 109-149 

roster  of 17 

salute  by 133,134 

verifies  prisoners 344 

Corporals  of  artillery,  detail  of 15 

roster  of . .         5 


92  INDEX. 

Countersign,  communication  of 54,  70, 135,  283,  289 

divulging  of 226,  286 

imparting  of,  to  sentinels 70,  135 

incorrect 224,  note  226 

issue  of 283,  289 

rules  when  none  used 143,  222 

use  of. .  .143,  note  2,  page  52,  216,  217,  281, 282,  Appendix  II 

Crime,  commission  of 138,  319 

soldiers  charged  with 313,  330,  331 

statement  of 48,  314,  315,  323,  324 

Deceased  officer  or  soldier 190,  294,  295 

Desertion  of  member  of  guard 72,  284,  Appendix  II 

Detachments,  detail  of 3 

posting  and  relief  of 57,  120,  121 

Details,  how  made 1,  2, 4,  6,  7,  9,  25 

publication  of 21,  26 

record  of 28-37,  Appendix  I 

Discipline  of  guard 38,  52,  62 

Dismissal,  of  guard 107 

of  relief 125.  126 

Dismounted  men,  detail  of 11,  12 

Dismounted  sentinels 179 

Disorderly  persons     77,  97,  137,  138,  175, 184 

Disorder,  orders  in  case  of 210-213 

Drills,  prisoners  at 330 

troops  at 200 

Drivers,  artillery,  detail  of 15 

Duties,  hours  for , 40 

Duty,  armed 10 

classes  of 3 

details  for 1,  2,  9 

dismounted 11,  12 

extra,  in  artillery 14 

hiring  of 166 

tour  of 7 

tour  of,  of  officer  of  the  day 52 

tour  of,  of  officer  of  the  guard 63 

unarmed 3 


Emergencies,  procedure  in .V  .  ^ 55,  #3,  106 

Enlisted  man,  funeral  of "^^L CA-t-  f-FQliHV^^.  -  .295 

Envoys,  compliments  to .T^7T?*!^^^^T.  189,  202 

Equipments,  care  of 12,  360 

Escaping  prisoners 347,  348,  note  347 

Escort,  funeral 190 

of  inspecting  officer 238 

Fatigue  duty,  by  prisoners 329,  330,  350 

by  stable-guards 247 

captains  exempt  from 5 

hours  for 40 

Fatigue  parties,  detail  of 3,  9,  51,  350 

Fire,  orders  in  case  of 210,  211,  213,  261,  268 

First-sergeant,  duties  of f 12,  22,  23,  25,  26 

First-sergeants'  call 25,  102 

Flag,  at  half-staff 294-297 

care  of 299,  301 

dipping  of 293 

hoisting  and  lowering  of 291,  292,  295,  297,  300,  302 

Flags  and  colors 290-303 

Forage,  protection  of 94 

Foreign  officers,  compliments  to 83,  188,  202 

Friends,  advancing  of 216,  217 

Funeral,  display  of  flag  during 294,  295 

Funeral  escort,  salute  to 190 

Garrison  flag 290 

Garrison  guards '. 13,  16 

General  officers,  compliments  to 56,  79,  80,  202,  237 

inspections  by 238 

General  orders  proper 170-184 

General  police 349, 350 

Government  property,  care  of 170 

Governors,  compliments  to 189,  202 

Grain,  feeding  of '247 

Grand  guards,  detail  of 3,  6 

Grooming  of  horses 248 


94  INDEX. 

Guard,  arrest  or  desertion  of  member  of 72,  284,  Appendix  II 

call  for 78,  211 

command  of 13,  58 

compliments  by 79-91,  200-209 

detail  of 13,  16 

discipline  of 38,  53,  62,  96 

dismissal  of 57,  107 

formation  of 75,  105,  106,  141,  142,  167,  340,  343 

in  case  of  alarms 55 

in  march 93 

inspection  of 53,  59,  69,  92,  238,  240 

instruction  of 53,  62,  110 

interior,  detail  of 3,  6 

list  of 57,  95 

of  camping  party 94 

orders  relating  to 44 

relief  of 16,  57 

stable.    See  Stable  guard. 

turned  out,  how 143,  200-209 

turned  out  for  whom 79-83,  202-205 

turned  out  when 79,  80,  91,  200 

Guard  duty,  in  mixed  commands 14 

record  of 28-37,  Appendix  I 

responsibility  for 38,  53,  62 

Guard-house,  absence  from 67,  68,  160 

force  at 78 

inspection  of 46 

police  of 99,  335 

sentinel  at.  .70,  111,  118,  135, 143,  184,  200-209,  213,  228-230 

299,  340,  347,  348 

Guard-mounting,  commanding  officer  at 45 

officer  of  the  day  at 46 

release  of  prisoners  at 48,  324,  325 

Guard  report 45,  47,  49,  50,  64,  102,  315,  345,  352-353 

Guard-rooms,  inspection  of 327 

police  of 335 

Guard  tents,  location  of 38 

Gun,  reveille  and  retreat. .  .  358-360 


INDEX.  95 

Heir-apparent,  compliments  to 189,  202 

Herd,  horses  on 251 

Homicide,  by  member  of  guard •  .  .note  347 

Horses,  care  of 243,  247,  248,  255,  257,  265-267,  269,  270,  275 

packing  of 11, 12 

Hours,  calling  of 42,  227,  229 

Infantry,  guard  duty  by 14 

Inspection  of  guard 53,  59,  69,  92,  238,  240 

at  night 92,  143 

by  officer  of  the  day 53,  92,  143 

by  officer  of  the  guard 66,  69 

Inspector,  action  of 355 

Instruction,  of  guard 53,  62,  110 

of  sentinels, 62,  110 

Instructions,  report  of 61,  239 

to  officer  of  the  day 45,  49 

transmission  of,  by  officer  of  the  guard 57,  60 

transmission  of,  by  sentinels 65,  116,  127,  170,  182, 183 

Interior  guards,  detail  of 3,  6 

Intoxicants,  use  of 161,  254 

Issues,  hours  for 40 

Junior  officer  of  the  guard,  detail  of 19 

duties  of 58,  90 

Junior  officers,  recognition  of 144,  199,  209,  219,  220 

Justice,  chief,  compliments  to 189,  202 

Keys  of  guard-room 334,  340 

Knives,  prisoners',  counting  of 337 

Lanterns 258,  259 

Lieutenant-colonels,  roster  of 5 

Lieutenants,  rosters  of 5,  18,  19 

Liquor,  use  of 161,  254 

List,  of  guard 57, 95 

of  relief 112 


96  INDEX. 

Majors,  roster  of  5 

Manual  of  arms,  by  sentinels 171,  173,  174,  177-179 

March,  guard  in 93 

Marine  officers,  compliments  to 83,  188,  202 

Meals,  of  prisoners 337 

of  prisoners,  inspection  of 332 

of  stable  guard 250 

Military  convict,  escape  of note  347 

Military  officers,  compliments  to 83,  188,  202 

Ministers,  compliments  to 189,  202 

Mixed  commands,  guard  duty  in 14 

Mounted  men,  detail  of 11 

Mounted  party,  challenge  to 218 

Mounted  sentinels 178,  179 

salute  of 195 

Musicians  of  the  guard,  duties  of 145-149 

positions  of 146 

roster  of 17 

National  colors,  care  of 303,  304,  311 

compliments  to 82, 148,  185,  204,  206,  242,  311 

Naval  officers,  compliments  to 83,  188,  202 

Night  orders 214-230 

Non-commissioned  officer,  arrest  of 321,  322 

at  guard-house 98,  142-144 

commanding  guard 13, 88,  89,  354 

of  stable  guard 254-262 

Non-commissioned  officers,  roster  of 6 

Numerals,  use  of,  in  rosters 27 

Occurrences,  suspicious  or  unusual.  . .    100,  130,  176,  256 

Offense,  statement  of 48,  314,  315,  323,  324 

Officer,  absence  of,  from  duty 7 

deceased,  honors  to 190,  294 

Officer  of  the  day,  compliments  to 79,  202 

detail  of 17,  18,  21 

duties  of 46-55,  324,  326,  345 

reception  of,  at  night 92,  143 


INDEX.  97 

Officer  of  the  day,  relief  of 45,  50 

responsibility  of 51-53 

roster  of 17 

tour  of  duty  of 52 

Officer  of  the  guard,  absence  of 67,  68 

detail  of 21 

duties  of 56-94 

responsibility  of ". 62,  63 

roster  of 17,  19 

tour  of  duty  of 63 

Officers,  inexperienced,  detail  of 20 

rosters  of 4-6 

salute  to 133,  163,  185,  187,  193-198,  263,  339,  348 

staff,  detail  of 20 

Order,  responsibility  for 51,  55 

Orderlies,  detail  of 150,  158 

Orderly  for  commanding  officer,  duties  of 152-158 

selection  of 150,  151 

Orders,  communication  of 44,  45, 49,  61,  239 

for  saluting 185-209 

for  sentinels,  classification  of 169 

general 170-184 

in  case  of  fire  or  disorder 210-213 

night 214-230 

special 43,  127,  182,  183,  231-233,  311,  347,  348 

transmission  of 46,  57,  60,  65,  116,  127, 170, 182,  183 

Outposts 3, 39 

Parade,  publication  of  details  at 21 

Park  guards 14,  270-277 

Parole,  furnished  officer  of  the  guard 54,  281 

use  of 92,  281,  283,  285,  286,  289 

Parties,  two  or  more,  advancing  of 144,  219-221 

Passes,  disposition  of 64,  103 

Patrol,  advancing  of  216 

challenging  by : 137 

defined 278 

prescribed  how 53,  66 

use  of 39,  78,  278-280 


98  INDEX. 

Police,  camp 349,  350 

post 51 

of  guard-house 99,  335 

Police  duty,  by  stable  guard , 247 

Post  flag 290 

Post  guard,  detail  of 13,  16 

Posts,  sentinels',  limits  of 128,  232 

number  of 38 

quitting  of 170,  172 

sleeping  on. .    170  and  note 

small 39 

President,  compliments  to 189,  202 

Prisoners,  awaiting  trial 317,  330,  331 

charge  of 327,  333 

civilian 318-320 

cleanliness  of 336 

committal  of 314,  315,  319 

contraband  articles  in  possession  of 333,  334,  337 

escape  of 347  and  note,  348 

in  march 93 

meals  for 332,  337 

parading  of 340,  341 

police  duty  by 99,  350 

rations  for 320 

release  of * , 48,  316,  324,  325 

saluting  by 339 

security  of 327,  333,  338 

transfer  of 345,  346 

verification  of 46,  344,  345 

working  parties  of 329,  348 

Privates,  assignment  of,  to  posts Ill,  165 

assignment  of,  to  reliefs 57,  165 

at  guard-house 78 

detail  of 26,  28-37 

roster  of 5,  6,  22 

Property,  public,  safety  of .* 55,  170 

Proportion,  determination  of 29-37,  Appendix  I 

Provisions,  protection  of 

Publication  of  details 21,  26 


INDEX.  99 

Quartermaster's  issues  to  guard , 351 

Rank,  relative 83,  203 

table  of,  for  sentinels 221 

Rations  for  prisoners 320 

Record  of  details 28-37,  Appendix  I 

Regimental  colors,  care  of 303,  304,  311 

compliments  to 82,  148,  185,  204,  242,  311 

Regulations,  violations  of 130,  170 

Relief,  advancing  of 216 

calling  for 131,  180 

challenging  of 1)36 

dismissal  of 121,  125 

formation  of 57,  114,  122 

inspection  of 74,  122 

list  of 112 

marching  of 114,  119,  124 

of  sentinels 131,  180,  182,  183 

posting  of 113-124 

visits  of 53,  65,  66 

waking  of 141 

Report  of  guard 45,  47,  49,  50,  64, 84,  102,  315,  345,  352,  353 

Reports,  hours  for 40 

Retreat,  formation  of  guard  during 69 

hour  for 40 

inspection  of  guard  at 69 

publication  of  details  at 26 

Retreat  gun 358-360 

Returns  of  articles  in  charge 35.' > 

Reveille,  inspection  of  guard  at 69 

Reveille  gun 358-360 

Rifles,  loading  of 123 

unloading  of 126 

Roll-call  of  guard 105,  106,  167 

Roll-calls,  hours  for 40 

Roster,  defined 1 

duties  performed  by 2,  3 

Rosters,  abbreviations  used  in  keeping 27 


100  INDEX. 

Rosters,  guard 17-19 

keeping  of 4,  5, 17,  27,  29-37 

Salutes,  acknowledgment  of 235,  236 

at  night 133,  163,  185,  225,  228,  230,  236 

by  commander  of  guard 56,  84,  86-90 

by  corporal  of  guard 133,  134 

by  members  of  guard  not  on  post 163 

by  No.  1 200 

by  sentinels 185,  187,  190,  200,  263,  339,  348 

in  sentry-box 197 

in  wet  weather 198 

Saluting,  orders  for 185-200,  263,  348 

Saluting  distance 187 

Senior  officer,  advancing  of 144,  219-221 

Senior  officer  of  the  guard,  detail  of 19 

duties  of 58 

Sentence,  execution  of 328 

expiration  of 48,  325 

promulgation  of 326 

Sentinel  of  stable  guard 263-269 

Sentinels,  assignment  of Ill,  165 

bearing  of,  on  post 170,  171 

calls  of 142,  177,  181,  182,  260,  308 

challenges  by 214-220,  228 

in  hot  weather 174 

instruction  of 66, 110,  254 

in  wet  weather 171,  173 

mounted 178,  179,  195 

number  of 38 

over  prisoners 329,  338,  339,  348 

posting  and  relief  of.  .57,  73, 104, 115-118,  131,  180,  183,  254 

posts  of 38 

respect  towards 234 

sickness  of 72,  180 

surprise  of 223,  287 

use  of  countersign  by 282 

visiting  of 53,  65,  66 


INDEX.  101 

Sentry-boxes,  salutes  in 197 

use  of 173 

Sergeant-major,  duties  of note  14,  17,  28 

Sergeant  of  the  guard,  duties  of 95-108,  333-344 

roster  of 17 

Sergeants,  assignment  of 104 

of  artillery,  detail  of 15 

roster  of 5 

Sickness,  of  member  of  guard 72,  180 

of  officer  detailed 7 

relief  of  sentinel  for 180 

Signals,  for  roll-calls,  etc 40,  76,  147 

use  of 287,  288 

Sleeping  on  post 170  and  note 

Smoking  in  stables 252 

Soldiers,  absence  of,  from  guard-house 160,  249 

deceased,  honors  to 190,  295 

in  confinement 321,  322,  330,  331 

Sovereigns,  foreign,  compliments  to 189,  202 

Speaker  of  House  of  Representatives,  compliments  to. .  .189,  202 

Special  orders ^3,  127,  182,  183,  231-233,  241 

for  sentinels  at  colonel's  tent 233 

for  sentinels  over  colors 311 

for  sentinels  over  prisoners 347,  348 

transmission  of 116,  127,  170,  182,  183 

Stable  and  park  guards. . .  , 14,  15,  270-277 

Stable  guards,  detail  of 3,  8,  note  14 

employment  of 243,  244,  270 

fatigues  by 247 

in  field -.253 

mounting  of 245,  271 

non-commissioned  officer  of    254-262 

object  of 243,  273 

policing  by 247 

sentinel  of 263-269 

tour  of  duty  of 246, 274 

Stacks,  guard  over 304 

Staff  departments,  artillery  details  in 14 

Staff  officers,  detail  of 20 


102  INDEX. 

Storm  flag 290 

Supernumeraries,  detail  of 23 

duties  of 24 

officers  detailed  as 20 

Surprise  of  sentinel 223,  287 

Suspicious  characters,  arrest  of 77,  97,  137,  138,  175,  184 

Suspicious  occurrences,  report  of 100,  130,  176,  256 

Tents,  guards.    See  Guard-house. 

of  members  of  guard 140 

Tour,  of  officer  of  the  day 52 

of  officer  of  the  guard 63 

Unarmed  duty 3 

Vice-president,  compliments  to 189,  202 

Volunteer  officers,  compliments  to 83,  188,  202 

Water,  protection  of 94 

Working  parties,  articles  used  by 101 

of  prisoners 329,  348 


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9  1915 
MAR  2  1918 


YA  05C87 


